/* Mostafa Elkady — scientific editorial identity
   Content is built with Quarto/HTML; this file controls visual presentation only. */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700;800&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@400;500;600&display=swap');

:root {
  --paper: #f7f6f1;
  --paper-2: #eeeee7;
  --white: #fffefa;
  --ink: #172b35;
  --ink-2: #30434b;
  --muted: #687a7c;
  --line: #d9ded7;
  --green: #56766f;
  --green-dark: #264b47;
  --copper: #bd7955;
  --copper-soft: #ead8cb;
  --blue: #557a8a;
  --shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(23,43,53,.08);
  --serif: "DM Serif Display", Georgia, serif;
  --sans: "DM Sans", Arial, sans-serif;
}
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.72;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5 { color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -.025em; line-height: 1.12; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 6vw, 5.25rem); }
h2 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.25rem); }
h3 { font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.4vw, 1.8rem); }
p { color: var(--ink-2); }
a { color: var(--green-dark); text-decoration-color: rgba(86,118,111,.45); text-underline-offset: 3px; }
a:hover { color: var(--copper); }
#quarto-content { padding-top: 0; }
main.content { max-width: 1240px; padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 5rem; }
.quarto-title, header#title-block-header { display: none; }
.navbar {
  min-height: 76px;
  background: rgba(247,246,241,.97)!important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(23,43,53,.035);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}
.navbar .navbar-brand {
  color: var(--ink)!important;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .15em;
}
.navbar .nav-link {
  color: var(--ink-2)!important;
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .015em;
}
.navbar .nav-link:hover,.navbar .nav-link.active { color: var(--copper)!important; }
.navbar .dropdown-menu { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.navbar .dropdown-item { font-size: .84rem; }
.navbar-toggler { border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.page-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: .74rem;
}
.page-footer a { color: var(--green-dark); }
::selection { color: #fff; background: var(--green); }
:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid rgba(189,121,85,.62); outline-offset: 3px; }

/* Shared editorial components */
.eyebrow,.kicker,.section-label {
  color: var(--green);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .67rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .17em;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.section-intro { max-width: 700px; margin: .8rem 0 2.2rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: 1.04rem; }
.section-head { display: flex; align-items: end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 2rem; margin: 4.6rem 0 1.7rem; }
.section-head h2 { margin: .55rem 0 0; }
.section-head p { max-width: 430px; margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; }
.rule { height: 1px; margin: 2rem 0; background: var(--line); }
.btn-main,.btn-outline,.btn-text {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 1rem;
  min-height: 48px; padding: .75rem 1.2rem; border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 2px; font-size: .79rem; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform .18s ease, background .18s ease, color .18s ease, border-color .18s ease;
}
.btn-main { color: white; background: var(--green-dark); }
.btn-main:hover { color: white; background: var(--copper); transform: translateY(-2px); }
.btn-outline { color: var(--ink); border-color: #aebbb4; background: transparent; }
.btn-outline:hover { color: white; border-color: var(--ink); background: var(--ink); }
.btn-text { min-height: auto; padding: .5rem 0; color: var(--green-dark); }
.btn-text:hover { color: var(--copper); transform: translateX(3px); }

/* Home */
.home-hero {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1.12fr) minmax(330px,.88fr);
  align-items: center; gap: clamp(2.5rem,6vw,6rem);
  min-height: 670px; padding: 4.4rem 0 4.8rem;
}
.home-hero .hero-copy { max-width: 720px; }
.home-hero .eyebrow { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .8rem; }
.home-hero .eyebrow:before { content:""; width: 30px; height: 1px; background: var(--copper); }
.home-hero h1 { max-width: 760px; margin: 1.3rem 0 1.35rem; font-size: clamp(3.1rem,6.1vw,5.6rem); line-height: .99; }
.home-hero h1 em { color: var(--green); font-style: normal; }
.home-hero .hero-lead { max-width: 610px; color: #5e7072; font-size: 1.08rem; line-height: 1.85; }
.hero-meta { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:.55rem 1rem; margin:1.45rem 0 0; color:var(--ink-2); font-size:.82rem; font-weight:600; }
.hero-meta span+span:before { content:"·"; margin-right:1rem; color:var(--copper); }
.hero-actions { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:.75rem 1.15rem; align-items:center; margin-top:2rem; }
.hero-photo-wrap { position:relative; min-width:0; padding:1.15rem 1.15rem 3.6rem; background:#e6e9e2; box-shadow:var(--shadow); transform:rotate(1.2deg); }
.hero-photo-wrap img { display:block; width:100%; height:440px; object-fit:cover; background:#d6dfd8; }
.photo-caption { position:absolute; right:1.2rem; bottom:1.15rem; left:1.2rem; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; gap:1rem; color:#536762; font-size:.63rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.13em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.photo-caption span:last-child { color:var(--copper); }
.home-facts { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); border-top:1px solid var(--line); border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
.home-fact { padding:1.35rem 1.5rem 1.35rem 0; }
.home-fact+.home-fact { padding-left:1.5rem; border-left:1px solid var(--line); }
.home-fact strong { display:block; color:var(--ink); font-family:var(--serif); font-size:1.2rem; font-weight:400; }
.home-fact span { color:var(--muted); font-size:.72rem; }
.research-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:1rem; }
.research-card {
  display:flex; flex-direction:column; min-width:0; min-height:360px; overflow:hidden;
  border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--white); color:var(--ink); text-decoration:none;
  transition:transform .22s ease, box-shadow .22s ease, border-color .22s ease;
}
.research-card:hover { color:var(--ink); border-color:#a9b9af; box-shadow:var(--shadow); transform:translateY(-5px); }
.research-card .card-art { display:block; width:100%; height:150px; object-fit:cover; background:#dfe7e2; }
.research-card .card-body { display:flex; flex:1; flex-direction:column; padding:1.25rem; }
.card-number { color:var(--copper); font-size:.65rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.16em; }
.research-card h3 { margin:.7rem 0 .6rem; font-size:1.35rem; }
.research-card p { margin:0 0 1rem; color:var(--muted); font-size:.82rem; line-height:1.65; }
.research-card .card-link { margin-top:auto; color:var(--green-dark); font-size:.75rem; font-weight:700; }
.research-card .card-link span { margin-left:.35rem; color:var(--copper); }
.home-method {
  display:grid; grid-template-columns:.82fr 1.18fr; gap:3rem; align-items:center;
  margin:5.5rem 0; padding:3.2rem; background:var(--green-dark); color:white;
}
.home-method h2 { max-width:520px; color:#fff; }
.home-method p { max-width:540px; color:#d5e0d8; font-size:.94rem; }
.home-method .eyebrow { color:#d5b49d; }
.method-steps { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); gap:.7rem; }
.method-step { padding:1.05rem; border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.22); }
.method-step b { display:block; color:#d7b39b; font-size:.65rem; letter-spacing:.13em; }
.method-step span { display:block; margin-top:.25rem; color:#fff; font-family:var(--serif); font-size:1.08rem; }
.featured-notes { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); gap:1rem; }
.note-card { display:block; min-height:210px; padding:1.55rem; border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--white); text-decoration:none; transition:transform .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease; }
.note-card:hover { transform:translateY(-4px); box-shadow:var(--shadow); }
.note-card .kicker { color:var(--copper); }
.note-card h3 { margin:.8rem 0 .65rem; font-size:1.5rem; }
.note-card p { margin:0; color:var(--muted); font-size:.84rem; }
.home-contact { display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; gap:2rem; margin-top:5rem; padding:2.7rem 0; border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.home-contact h2 { margin:.4rem 0 0; }

/* Page hero and profile */
.page-hero { padding:3.5rem 0 2.5rem; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
.page-hero h1 { max-width:920px; margin:.8rem 0 1rem; }
.page-hero .lede { max-width:780px; color:var(--muted); font-size:1.05rem; }
.profile-layout { display:grid; grid-template-columns:300px minmax(0,1fr); gap:3.4rem; align-items:start; margin:3rem 0; }
.profile-image { width:100%; padding:.8rem; border:1px solid var(--line); background:#e7ebe5; }
.profile-image img { display:block; width:100%; aspect-ratio:4/5; object-fit:cover; }
.profile-copy h2 { margin:0 0 1rem; font-size:2rem; }
.profile-copy p { color:var(--muted); }
.timeline { margin:1.5rem 0 3rem; border-left:1px solid #b9c7bf; }
.timeline-item { position:relative; margin:0 0 1.5rem; padding:0 0 0 1.5rem; }
.timeline-item:before { content:""; position:absolute; top:.45rem; left:-5px; width:9px; height:9px; border:2px solid var(--paper); border-radius:50%; background:var(--copper); }
.timeline-item .time { color:var(--copper); font-size:.68rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.12em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.timeline-item h3 { margin:.35rem 0; font-size:1.2rem; }
.timeline-item p { margin:0; color:var(--muted); font-size:.85rem; }

/* Research pages */
.research-overview { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); gap:1.2rem; margin:2.4rem 0; }
.research-feature { display:grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) minmax(260px,.85fr); gap:2.5rem; align-items:center; margin:2.7rem 0 3.8rem; }
.research-feature.reverse { grid-template-columns:minmax(260px,.85fr) minmax(0,1fr); }
.research-feature.reverse .research-figure { order:-1; }
.research-feature h2 { margin:.65rem 0; }
.research-feature p { color:var(--muted); }
.research-figure { margin:0; padding:.65rem; border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--white); }
.research-figure img { display:block; width:100%; aspect-ratio:5/4; object-fit:cover; }
.research-figure figcaption { padding:.65rem .35rem .2rem; color:var(--muted); font-size:.68rem; }
.topic-tags { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:.45rem; margin:1.2rem 0; }
.topic-tags span { padding:.35rem .65rem; border:1px solid var(--line); color:var(--green-dark); font-size:.68rem; font-weight:600; }
.evidence-list { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); gap:.8rem; margin:2rem 0; }
.evidence-item { padding:1.2rem; background:var(--paper-2); }
.evidence-item strong { display:block; color:var(--copper); font-family:var(--serif); font-size:1.6rem; font-weight:400; }
.evidence-item span { color:var(--muted); font-size:.78rem; }

/* Publications, conferences, CV and gallery */
.content-panel { margin:2rem 0; padding:2rem; border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--white); }
.content-panel h2 { margin:.3rem 0 .9rem; font-size:1.8rem; }
.content-panel p { color:var(--muted); }
.empty-state { display:grid; grid-template-columns:150px 1fr; gap:1.5rem; align-items:center; margin:2rem 0; padding:2rem; border:1px dashed #b7c4bc; background:#f2f3ed; }
.empty-state img { width:100%; aspect-ratio:1; object-fit:cover; }
.empty-state h2 { margin:0 0 .6rem; font-size:1.65rem; }
.empty-state p { margin:0; color:var(--muted); font-size:.88rem; }
.conference-filters { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center; gap:.5rem; margin:1.4rem 0; }
.filter-btn { padding:.55rem .85rem; border:1px solid #b8c6bd; border-radius:2px; background:transparent; color:var(--ink); font-size:.75rem; font-weight:700; }
.filter-btn.active,.filter-btn:hover { border-color:var(--green-dark); background:var(--green-dark); color:white; }
.filter-status { color:var(--muted); font-size:.76rem; }
.conference-grid,.gallery-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:1rem; }
.conference-card,.gallery-item { overflow:hidden; border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--white); }
.conference-card img,.gallery-item img { display:block; width:100%; aspect-ratio:4/3; object-fit:cover; background:#e3e9e3; }
.conference-card .card-content,.gallery-item .card-content { padding:1.05rem; }
.conference-card h3,.gallery-item h3 { margin:.4rem 0; font-size:1.15rem; }
.conference-card p,.gallery-item p { margin:0; color:var(--muted); font-size:.78rem; }
.conference-card .meta { color:var(--copper); font-size:.63rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.12em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.gallery-item figcaption { padding:0 1.05rem 1.05rem; color:var(--muted); font-size:.72rem; }
.cv-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); gap:1rem; margin:2rem 0; }
.cv-block { padding:1.4rem; border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--white); }
.cv-block h3 { margin:.25rem 0 .55rem; font-size:1.25rem; }
.cv-block p { margin:0; color:var(--muted); font-size:.82rem; }

/* Editorial journal / reading cards */
.editorial-masthead,.toolkit-masthead {
  position:relative; overflow:hidden; margin:1.5rem 0 3rem; padding:3.4rem;
  background:var(--green-dark); color:white;
}
.editorial-masthead:after,.toolkit-masthead:after {
  content:""; position:absolute; top:-180px; right:-100px; width:440px; height:440px;
  border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25); border-radius:50%;
  box-shadow:0 0 0 35px rgba(255,255,255,.035),0 0 0 75px rgba(255,255,255,.025);
}
.editorial-masthead .eyebrow,.toolkit-masthead .eyebrow { color:#d5b49d; }
.editorial-masthead h1,.toolkit-masthead h1 { position:relative; z-index:1; margin:.8rem 0 1rem; color:#fff; }
.editorial-masthead p,.toolkit-masthead p { position:relative; z-index:1; max-width:740px; color:#dce5df; }
.masthead-meta { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:1.2rem; margin-top:1.6rem; color:#d2ddd5; font-size:.67rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.12em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.toolkit-masthead { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr; align-items:center; gap:2rem; }
.science-graphic { position:relative; z-index:1; display:grid; place-items:center; }
.science-graphic svg { width:100%; max-width:400px; height:auto; }
.toolkit-intro-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); gap:1px; margin:2rem 0 3rem; background:var(--line); border:1px solid var(--line); }
.toolkit-intro-grid>div { padding:1.2rem; background:var(--white); }
.toolkit-intro-grid strong { display:block; color:var(--copper); font-family:var(--serif); font-size:1.7rem; font-weight:400; }
.toolkit-intro-grid span { color:var(--muted); font-size:.76rem; }
.section-kicker { margin:2.4rem 0 .6rem; color:var(--green); font-size:.67rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.16em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.workflow-ribbon,.workflow-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr); gap:.6rem; margin:1.3rem 0 2.5rem; }
.workflow-ribbon>div,.workflow-grid>div { padding:1rem; border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--white); }
.workflow-ribbon b,.workflow-grid span { color:var(--copper); font-size:.64rem; letter-spacing:.1em; }
.workflow-ribbon strong,.workflow-grid strong { display:block; margin:.4rem 0; color:var(--ink); font-size:.85rem; }
.workflow-ribbon span,.workflow-grid p { color:var(--muted); font-size:.73rem; }
.toolkit-controls { margin:1.4rem 0 1.2rem; padding:1.2rem; border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--white); }
.toolkit-controls label { display:block; margin-bottom:.4rem; font-size:.8rem; font-weight:700; }
.toolkit-controls input { max-width:600px; padding:.7rem .85rem; border:1px solid #b8c6bd; border-radius:2px; }
.filter-buttons { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:.45rem; margin-top:.8rem; }
.technique-grid,.reading-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:1rem; margin:1.4rem 0 3rem; }
.technique-card,.reading-card { min-width:0; padding:1.35rem; border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--white); box-shadow:0 7px 24px rgba(23,43,53,.035); }
.technique-card[hidden],.reading-card[hidden],.conference-card[hidden] { display:none!important; }
.technique-meta,.reading-topline { color:var(--copper); font-size:.63rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.13em; }
.technique-card h3,.reading-card h3 { margin:.55rem 0 .65rem; font-size:1.22rem; }
.technique-card p,.reading-card p { color:var(--muted); font-size:.83rem; }
.technique-card details { margin-top:1rem; padding-top:.8rem; border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.technique-card summary { color:var(--green-dark); font-size:.78rem; font-weight:700; cursor:pointer; }
.technique-card details ul { padding-left:1.2rem; color:var(--muted); font-size:.8rem; }
.reading-topline { display:flex; justify-content:space-between; gap:1rem; }
.reading-tags { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:.35rem; margin:1rem 0; }
.reading-tags span,.topic-tags span { padding:.25rem .5rem; background:#edf1eb; color:var(--green-dark); font-size:.65rem; }
.reading-card>a { font-size:.78rem; font-weight:700; }
.article-feature { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:2rem; margin:2rem 0 3rem; background:var(--white); border:1px solid var(--line); }
.article-feature-copy { padding:2rem; }
.article-feature-art { min-height:280px; overflow:hidden; background:var(--green-dark); }
.article-feature-art svg { width:100%; height:100%; }
.article-card-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); gap:1rem; margin:1.5rem 0 3rem; }
.article-topic-card { display:flex; flex-direction:column; min-height:245px; padding:1.4rem; border:1px solid var(--line); background:var(--white); text-decoration:none; transition:transform .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease; }
.article-topic-card:hover { transform:translateY(-4px); box-shadow:var(--shadow); }
.article-topic-card .topic-no { color:var(--copper); font-size:.64rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.12em; }
.article-topic-card h3 { margin:.8rem 0 .55rem; font-size:1.25rem; }
.article-topic-card p { color:var(--muted); font-size:.82rem; }
.article-topic-card span:last-child { margin-top:auto; color:var(--green-dark); font-size:.73rem; font-weight:700; }
.editorial-note,.toolkit-note { margin:2rem 0; padding:1rem 1.2rem; border-left:3px solid var(--copper); background:#eeeee7; color:var(--muted); font-size:.82rem; }

/* Responsive */
@media(max-width:1050px) {
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); }
  .technique-grid,.reading-grid,.conference-grid,.gallery-grid,.article-card-grid { grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); }
  .home-hero { min-height:580px; }
  .workflow-ribbon,.workflow-grid { grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); }
}
@media(max-width:760px) {
  main.content { padding:1.2rem 1.1rem 3.5rem; }
  .navbar { min-height:64px; }
  .home-hero { grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:2.3rem; min-height:auto; padding:3.2rem 0; }
  .home-hero h1 { font-size:clamp(3rem,12vw,4.2rem); }
  .hero-photo-wrap { max-width:470px; margin:0 auto; }
  .hero-photo-wrap img { height:360px; }
  .home-facts { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .home-fact,.home-fact+.home-fact { padding:1rem 0; border-left:0; }
  .home-fact+.home-fact { border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
  .section-head { display:block; margin:3.5rem 0 1.5rem; }
  .section-head p { margin-top:1rem; }
  .home-method { grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:1.5rem; margin:3.5rem 0; padding:2rem 1.4rem; }
  .method-steps { grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; }
  .home-contact { display:block; margin-top:3rem; }
  .home-contact .btn-main { margin-top:1.2rem; }
  .profile-layout,.research-feature,.research-feature.reverse { grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:1.5rem; }
  .profile-image { max-width:330px; }
  .research-feature.reverse .research-figure { order:0; }
  .empty-state { grid-template-columns:100px 1fr; padding:1.2rem; }
  .toolkit-masthead { grid-template-columns:1fr; padding:2rem 1.4rem; }
  .science-graphic { display:none; }
  .editorial-masthead { padding:2.2rem 1.4rem; }
  .article-feature { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .article-feature-art { min-height:210px; }
}
@media(max-width:540px) {
  .research-grid,.featured-notes,.research-overview,.evidence-list,.cv-grid,
  .technique-grid,.reading-grid,.conference-grid,.gallery-grid,.article-card-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .research-card { min-height:320px; }
  .research-card .card-art { height:175px; }
  .home-hero h1 { font-size:3rem; }
  .hero-meta { display:block; }
  .hero-meta span { display:block; margin:.3rem 0; }
  .hero-meta span+span:before { content:none; }
  .method-steps,.workflow-ribbon,.workflow-grid,.toolkit-intro-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; }
  .masthead-meta { gap:.6rem 1rem; }
  .empty-state { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .empty-state img { max-width:130px; }
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce) {
  *,*::before,*::after { scroll-behavior:auto!important; transition:none!important; }
}


/* ===== 2026 redesign: restrained academic / research portfolio ===== */
:root{
  --paper:#f6f8fb;--paper-2:#edf2f8;--white:#ffffff;
  --ink:#111827;--ink-2:#334155;--muted:#64748b;--line:#dbe3ec;
  --green:#315b8a;--green-dark:#102b4e;--copper:#2563eb;--copper-soft:#dbeafe;
  --blue:#2563eb;--shadow:0 16px 42px rgba(15,35,60,.08);
  --serif:"Inter",Arial,sans-serif;--sans:"Inter",Arial,sans-serif;
}
body{background:#fff;color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.75}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.045em;line-height:1.12;color:var(--ink)}
h1{font-size:clamp(2.7rem,5.5vw,5rem)}h2{font-size:clamp(1.9rem,3.3vw,2.8rem)}h3{font-size:1.3rem}
p{color:#475569}
a{color:#1d4ed8;text-decoration-color:#bfdbfe}a:hover{color:#1e40af}
.navbar{min-height:72px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.97)!important;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0;box-shadow:none;backdrop-filter:blur(14px)}
.navbar .navbar-brand{font-size:.84rem;letter-spacing:.1em;color:#0f172a!important}
.navbar .nav-link{font-size:.77rem;font-weight:600;color:#475569!important}
.navbar .nav-link:hover,.navbar .nav-link.active{color:#1d4ed8!important}
.page-footer{background:#f8fafc;border-color:#e2e8f0;color:#64748b}
.page-footer a{color:#1d4ed8}
::selection{background:#bfdbfe;color:#102b4e}
:focus-visible{outline:3px solid rgba(37,99,235,.45);outline-offset:3px}
main.content{max-width:1280px;padding-top:1.25rem}
.eyebrow,.kicker,.section-label{color:#315b8a;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.66rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em}
.section-head{margin:4rem 0 1.5rem}
.section-head p{color:#64748b}
.btn-main,.btn-outline,.btn-text{border-radius:5px;min-height:46px;font-size:.78rem}
.btn-main{background:#15365c;color:#fff}
.btn-main:hover{background:#1d4ed8;color:#fff}
.btn-outline{border-color:#cbd5e1;color:#1e293b}
.btn-outline:hover{background:#eff6ff;border-color:#93c5fd;color:#1d4ed8}
.btn-text{color:#1d4ed8}
.home-hero{min-height:600px;padding:4.2rem 0 3.8rem;gap:clamp(2.5rem,6vw,5.5rem)}
.home-hero h1{font-size:clamp(3rem,5.6vw,5.35rem);line-height:1.02;letter-spacing:-.06em;max-width:760px}
.home-hero h1 em{color:#2563eb;font-style:normal}
.home-hero .hero-lead{font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.85;color:#475569}
.home-hero .eyebrow:before{background:#2563eb}
.hero-meta{color:#334155}
.hero-meta span+span:before{color:#2563eb}
.hero-photo-wrap{padding:.7rem .7rem 2.8rem;background:#f1f5f9;box-shadow:0 22px 60px rgba(15,35,60,.12);transform:none}
.hero-photo-wrap img{height:420px;background:#e2e8f0}
.photo-caption{color:#475569;font-size:.6rem}
.photo-caption span:last-child{color:#2563eb}
.home-facts{border-color:#dbe3ec}
.home-fact{padding:1.35rem 1.3rem 1.35rem 0}
.home-fact strong{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:1.03rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.02em}
.home-fact span{font-size:.75rem;color:#64748b}
.research-grid{gap:1.1rem}
.research-card{border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:7px;box-shadow:0 3px 12px rgba(15,35,60,.025);transition:transform .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease}
.research-card:hover{border-color:#bfdbfe;box-shadow:0 18px 40px rgba(15,35,60,.09);transform:translateY(-4px)}
.research-card .card-art{height:170px;background:#eaf0f7}
.research-card .card-body{padding:1.3rem}
.card-number{color:#2563eb;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.63rem;letter-spacing:.08em}
.research-card h3{font-size:1.22rem;line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:-.035em}
.research-card p{font-size:.84rem;color:#64748b}
.research-card .card-link{color:#1d4ed8}
.research-card .card-link span{color:#1d4ed8}
.home-method{background:#102b4e;border-radius:8px;padding:3.2rem;margin:5rem 0}
.home-method .eyebrow{color:#93c5fd}
.home-method h2{font-size:2.25rem;letter-spacing:-.05em}
.home-method p{color:#d5dfeb}
.method-step{border:1px solid rgba(219,234,254,.22);border-radius:4px}
.method-step b{color:#93c5fd;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace}
.method-step span{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:600;font-size:.98rem}
.featured-notes{gap:1.1rem}
.note-card{border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:6px;background:#fff;min-height:195px}
.note-card .kicker{color:#2563eb}
.note-card h3{font-size:1.25rem;letter-spacing:-.035em}
.note-card p{color:#64748b}
.home-contact{border-color:#dbe3ec}
.page-hero{padding:3rem 0 2.2rem;border-color:#e2e8f0}
.page-hero h1{letter-spacing:-.055em}
.page-hero .lede{color:#64748b;font-size:1rem}
.profile-layout{gap:3rem}
.profile-image{padding:.55rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;background:#f1f5f9;border-radius:6px}
.profile-copy h2{font-size:2.1rem}
.profile-copy p{color:#475569}
.timeline{border-color:#cbd5e1}
.timeline-item:before{background:#2563eb;border-color:#fff}
.timeline-item .time{color:#2563eb;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace}
.content-panel,.cv-block,.conference-card,.gallery-item,.note-card,.research-figure{border-color:#e2e8f0;border-radius:6px;box-shadow:0 3px 12px rgba(15,35,60,.025)}
.content-panel{padding:2rem;background:#fff}
.content-panel h2{font-size:1.65rem}
.content-panel p,.cv-block p{color:#64748b}
.cv-block{padding:1.4rem;background:#fff}
.cv-block h3{font-size:1.12rem}
.empty-state{border:1px dashed #cbd5e1;border-radius:6px;background:#f8fafc}
.empty-state p{color:#64748b}
.conference-card .meta{color:#2563eb}
.conference-card h3,.gallery-item h3{font-size:1.1rem}
.gallery-item figcaption{color:#64748b}
.filter-btn{border-color:#cbd5e1;border-radius:4px}
.filter-btn.active,.filter-btn:hover{border-color:#15365c;background:#15365c}
.editorial-note{border-left:3px solid #2563eb;background:#eff6ff;color:#475569;padding:1rem 1.2rem;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0}
.editorial-masthead,.toolkit-masthead{background:#102b4e;border-radius:8px;padding:3.2rem}
.editorial-masthead .eyebrow,.toolkit-masthead .eyebrow{color:#93c5fd}
.editorial-masthead h1,.toolkit-masthead h1{letter-spacing:-.06em}
.article-topic-card{border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:6px;background:#fff}
.article-topic-card:hover{border-color:#bfdbfe;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}
.topic-no{color:#2563eb}
.article-feature{border-radius:8px;background:#102b4e}
.article-feature-copy .eyebrow{color:#93c5fd}
.article-feature-copy h1,.article-feature-copy h2,.article-feature-copy h3,
.article-feature-copy h4,.article-feature-copy h5,.article-feature-copy h6,
.article-feature-copy p,.article-feature-copy li{color:#fff}
.article-feature-copy h3{margin:.55rem 0 .8rem;line-height:1.25}
.article-feature-copy a.btn-primary{
  display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;
  margin-top:.35rem;padding:.7rem 1rem;
  background:#60a5fa;border:1px solid #93c5fd;border-radius:4px;
  color:#10243a!important;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;
}
.article-feature-copy a.btn-primary:hover{
  background:#bfdbfe;border-color:#bfdbfe;color:#10243a!important;
}
.btn-primary{background:#2563eb;border-radius:4px}
.btn-primary:hover{background:#1d4ed8}
.toolkit-intro-grid>div,.workflow-ribbon>div{border-color:rgba(203,213,225,.3)}
.technique-card{border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:6px;background:#fff}
.technique-card h3{font-size:1.12rem}
.technique-meta{color:#2563eb}
.technique-card details summary{color:#1d4ed8}
@media(max-width:900px){
 .home-hero{min-height:0;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2rem;padding:3rem 0}
 .hero-photo-wrap{max-width:520px}
 .hero-photo-wrap img{height:auto;max-height:560px}
 .research-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
 .home-method{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:2rem}
 .profile-layout{grid-template-columns:220px minmax(0,1fr)}
}
@media(max-width:600px){
 .home-facts{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .home-fact,.home-fact+.home-fact{padding:1rem 0;border-left:0;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0}
 .research-grid,.research-overview,.featured-notes,.cv-grid,.conference-grid,.gallery-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .profile-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .profile-image{max-width:260px}
 .section-head{display:block}
 .section-head p{margin-top:.8rem}
 .home-method{margin:3rem 0}
 .editorial-masthead,.toolkit-masthead{padding:2rem 1.4rem}
 .home-hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.7rem,12vw,4rem)}
}


/* ===== Academic + industrial portfolio extensions ===== */
.publication-tools,.toolkit-controls{margin:1.5rem 0;padding:1.25rem;border:1px solid #dbe3ec;background:#f8fafc;border-radius:6px}
.publication-tools label{display:block;margin-bottom:.45rem;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;color:#334155}
.publication-tools input{display:block;width:min(100%,620px);padding:.8rem 1rem;border:1px solid #cbd5e1;border-radius:4px;background:#fff;color:#111827}
.publication-list{display:grid;gap:1rem;margin:1.5rem 0 2.5rem}
.publication-entry{padding:1.65rem 1.8rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-left:3px solid #2878c7;border-radius:5px;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(15,35,60,.035)}
.publication-entry[hidden]{display:none!important}
.publication-entry h2{margin:.55rem 0 .65rem;font-size:1.35rem;line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:-.025em}
.publication-entry p{margin:.45rem 0;color:#475569;font-size:.88rem}
.publication-entry .authors{color:#1f2937}
.publication-entry>a{display:inline-block;margin-top:.45rem;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.72rem;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.publication-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.55rem 1rem;color:#2563eb;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.65rem;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase}
.capability-table{margin:1.5rem 0 2.5rem;overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid #dbe3ec;border-radius:6px;background:#fff}
.capability-table table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width:720px}
.capability-table th{padding:1rem;text-align:left;background:#10243a;color:#fff;font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase}
.capability-table td{padding:1rem;vertical-align:top;border-top:1px solid #e2e8f0;color:#475569;font-size:.83rem}
.capability-table td:first-child{width:25%;color:#172033}
.status-note{display:block;margin-top:1rem;padding-top:.8rem;border-top:1px solid #e2e8f0;color:#2563eb;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.65rem;line-height:1.5}
.image-lightbox{position:fixed;max-width:min(94vw,1200px);max-height:92vh;padding:2.8rem 1rem 1rem;border:1px solid #cbd5e1;border-radius:8px;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 24px 90px rgba(2,12,27,.35)}
.image-lightbox::backdrop{background:rgba(8,20,36,.84);backdrop-filter:blur(3px)}
.image-lightbox img{display:block;max-width:88vw;max-height:76vh;width:auto;height:auto;margin:auto;object-fit:contain}
.image-lightbox p{margin:.8rem 0 0;text-align:center;color:#475569;font-size:.82rem}
.lightbox-close{position:absolute;top:.5rem;right:.7rem;width:36px;height:36px;border:1px solid #cbd5e1;border-radius:50%;background:#fff;color:#10243a;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1;cursor:pointer}
.gallery-item img[role="button"]{cursor:zoom-in}
.gallery-item img[role="button"]:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #2878c7;outline-offset:3px}
@media(max-width:600px){.publication-entry{padding:1.2rem}.publication-entry h2{font-size:1.15rem}.publication-meta{gap:.35rem .7rem}}

.hero-science-visual{display:grid;grid-template-columns:112px 1fr;align-items:center;gap:1rem;margin-top:1rem;padding:1rem;border:1px solid #dbe3ec;background:#fff}
.hero-science-visual img{display:block;width:112px;height:86px!important;object-fit:cover;background:#edf2f8}
.hero-science-visual span{display:block;color:#2563eb;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.58rem;letter-spacing:.1em}
.hero-science-visual strong{display:block;margin-top:.3rem;color:#1e293b;font-size:.78rem}
@media(max-width:600px){.hero-science-visual{grid-template-columns:90px 1fr}.hero-science-visual img{width:90px;height:72px!important}}


/* Single-page academic portfolio */
.academic-portfolio .portfolio-hero{padding:3rem 0 2.3rem;border-bottom:1px solid #dbe3ec}
.academic-portfolio .portfolio-hero h1{max-width:900px;margin:.7rem 0 1rem}
.academic-portfolio .portfolio-hero p{max-width:780px;color:#64748b}
.portfolio-section-nav{position:sticky;top:72px;z-index:20;display:flex;gap:.4rem;overflow-x:auto;margin:0 -1rem 2.5rem;padding:.8rem 1rem;background:rgba(255,255,255,.96);border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0;backdrop-filter:blur(12px);scrollbar-width:thin}
.portfolio-section-nav a{flex:0 0 auto;padding:.48rem .72rem;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:4px;color:#475569;text-decoration:none;font-size:.73rem;font-weight:650;white-space:nowrap}
.portfolio-section-nav a:hover,.portfolio-section-nav a.active{border-color:#bfdbfe;background:#eff6ff;color:#1d4ed8}
.academic-portfolio section[data-portfolio-section]{scroll-margin-top:145px;padding:2.2rem 0 2.8rem;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0}
.academic-portfolio section[data-portfolio-section] h2{margin:.45rem 0 .8rem}
.academic-portfolio section[data-portfolio-section]>.section-intro{margin:.5rem 0 1.5rem}
.academic-portfolio .portfolio-subhead{margin:2rem 0 1rem;font-size:1.2rem}
.academic-portfolio .portfolio-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1rem}
.academic-portfolio .portfolio-list .cv-block{height:100%}
.academic-portfolio .portfolio-actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.6rem;margin-top:1rem}
@media(max-width:700px){.portfolio-section-nav{top:64px;margin-left:-1rem;margin-right:-1rem}.academic-portfolio .portfolio-list{grid-template-columns:1fr}.academic-portfolio section[data-portfolio-section]{scroll-margin-top:125px}}


/* ===== Industry-led home and portfolio refresh ===== */
.rd-home,.industrial-profile,.professional-background{color:#17243a}
.rd-home h1,.rd-home h2,.industrial-profile h1,.industrial-profile h2,.professional-background h1,.professional-background h2{color:#10243a;letter-spacing:-.045em}
.rd-home-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.16fr) minmax(340px,.84fr);gap:clamp(2rem,5vw,5rem);align-items:center;padding:4rem 0 3.5rem}
.rd-home-copy h1{max-width:780px;margin:.9rem 0 1.2rem;font-size:clamp(3rem,5.5vw,5.15rem);line-height:1.02}
.rd-home-lede{max-width:690px;color:#526176;font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.85}
.rd-home-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem 1.3rem;margin:1.3rem 0;color:#334155;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:650}
.rd-home-meta span+span:before{content:"·";margin-right:1.3rem;color:#2563eb}
.rd-home-actions,.industrial-hero-actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.7rem 1rem;margin-top:1.7rem}
.rd-home-note{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem .8rem;margin-top:1.7rem;padding-top:1.05rem;border-top:1px solid #dbe3ec;color:#64748b;font-size:.75rem}
.rd-home-note strong{color:#10243a}
.rd-home-panel{padding:2rem;background:#10243a;border-radius:10px;color:#fff;box-shadow:0 20px 50px rgba(16,36,58,.12)}
.rd-panel-kicker{color:#93c5fd;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.64rem;letter-spacing:.12em}
.rd-home-panel h2{margin:.75rem 0 1.4rem;color:#fff;font-size:1.75rem}
.rd-process{display:grid;gap:.2rem}
.rd-process>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:42px 1fr;gap:.75rem;align-items:start;padding:.85rem 0;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15)}
.rd-process>div>span{color:#93c5fd;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.72rem}
.rd-process strong{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:.92rem}
.rd-process small{display:block;margin-top:.12rem;color:#cbd5e1;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.5}
.rd-panel-foot{margin-top:1rem;padding-top:1rem;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);color:#bfdbfe;font-size:.68rem;letter-spacing:.04em}
.rd-capability-intro,.industrial-section-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:2rem;margin:2.5rem 0 1.3rem}
.rd-capability-intro h2,.industrial-section-heading h2{margin:.45rem 0 0;font-size:clamp(1.8rem,3.4vw,2.7rem)}
.rd-capability-intro>p,.industrial-section-heading>p{max-width:440px;margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.88rem}
.rd-capability-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:.8rem}
.rd-capability-grid article{min-height:220px;padding:1.35rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:7px;background:#fff}
.rd-index{color:#2563eb;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.68rem}
.rd-capability-grid h3{margin:.8rem 0 .5rem;font-size:1.1rem;letter-spacing:-.025em}
.rd-capability-grid p{margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.7}
.rd-home-proof{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr .8fr;gap:2rem;align-items:center;margin:4.4rem 0;padding:2.5rem;background:#f1f5f9;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:9px}
.rd-proof-copy h2{max-width:680px;margin:.5rem 0 .75rem;font-size:clamp(1.75rem,3vw,2.45rem)}
.rd-proof-copy p{color:#526176;font-size:.9rem}
.rd-inline-link{color:#1d4ed8;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}
.rd-inline-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.rd-proof-data{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:.8rem}
.rd-proof-data>div{padding:1.25rem;background:#fff;border:1px solid #dbe3ec;border-radius:6px}
.rd-proof-data strong{display:block;color:#10243a;font-size:2.4rem;line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.06em}
.rd-proof-data span{display:block;margin-top:.6rem;color:#64748b;font-size:.72rem;line-height:1.5}
.rd-alignment{margin:4rem 0}
.rd-alignment>h2{margin:.5rem 0 1.5rem;font-size:clamp(1.9rem,3.5vw,2.8rem)}
.rd-domain-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:1rem}
.rd-domain-grid>a{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:215px;padding:1.5rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:7px;text-decoration:none;background:#fff;transition:transform .18s ease,border-color .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease}
.rd-domain-grid>a:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);border-color:#bfdbfe;box-shadow:0 14px 30px rgba(15,35,60,.07)}
.rd-domain-grid span{color:#2563eb;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.62rem}
.rd-domain-grid h3{margin:.8rem 0 .55rem;color:#10243a;font-size:1.15rem}
.rd-domain-grid p{margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.8rem}
.rd-home-contact{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:2rem;margin:4.5rem 0 1rem;padding:2.2rem 0;border-top:1px solid #dbe3ec}
.rd-home-contact h2{margin:.5rem 0;font-size:clamp(1.75rem,3vw,2.4rem)}
.rd-home-contact p{margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.85rem}

/* Industrial R&D page: stronger hierarchy, more whitespace, practical information architecture */
.industrial-hero{padding:3.5rem 0 2.5rem;border-bottom:1px solid #dbe3ec}
.industrial-hero h1{max-width:920px;margin:.8rem 0 1.1rem;font-size:clamp(2.8rem,5vw,4.65rem);line-height:1.04}
.industrial-lede{max-width:820px;color:#526176;font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.85}
.industrial-credentials{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.55rem 1.3rem;margin-top:1.7rem;color:#64748b;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:650}
.industrial-credentials span+span:before{content:"·";margin-right:1.3rem;color:#2563eb}
.industrial-value{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.25fr .75fr;gap:2.5rem;align-items:center;margin:3.2rem 0}
.industrial-value-main h2{max-width:700px;margin:.55rem 0 .8rem;font-size:clamp(1.9rem,3.4vw,2.8rem)}
.industrial-value-main p,.industrial-value-side p{color:#526176;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.8}
.industrial-value-side{padding:1.5rem;border-left:3px solid #2563eb;background:#f1f5f9}
.industrial-value-side strong{color:#10243a;font-size:.85rem}
.industrial-value-side p{margin:.5rem 0 0;font-size:.82rem}
.industrial-section{margin:4rem 0}
.industrial-capabilities{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1rem}
.industrial-capabilities article{min-height:245px;padding:1.6rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:8px;background:#fff}
.industrial-card-top{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}
.industrial-card-top span{color:#2563eb;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.72rem}
.industrial-card-top small{color:#64748b;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.6rem;letter-spacing:.12em}
.industrial-capabilities h3{margin:1rem 0 .6rem;font-size:1.25rem}
.industrial-capabilities p{max-width:620px;color:#64748b;font-size:.84rem}
.industrial-tags{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.4rem;margin-top:1.1rem}
.industrial-tags span{padding:.35rem .55rem;border:1px solid #dbe3ec;border-radius:3px;color:#475569;font-size:.65rem}
.industrial-workflow{margin:4rem 0;padding:2.5rem;background:#10243a;border-radius:9px;color:#fff}
.industrial-workflow .industrial-section-heading h2{color:#fff}
.industrial-workflow .industrial-section-heading>p{color:#cbd5e1}
.industrial-workflow .eyebrow{color:#93c5fd}
.industrial-steps{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr));gap:.65rem}
.industrial-steps>div{padding:1rem;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.2);border-radius:5px}
.industrial-steps span{color:#93c5fd;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.65rem}
.industrial-steps strong{display:block;margin:.55rem 0;color:#fff;font-size:.9rem}
.industrial-steps p{margin:0;color:#cbd5e1;font-size:.72rem;line-height:1.6}
.industrial-evidence{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr .8fr;gap:2rem;align-items:center;margin:4rem 0;padding:2.5rem;border:1px solid #dbe3ec;border-radius:8px;background:#f8fafc}
.industrial-evidence-copy h2{margin:.5rem 0 .8rem;font-size:clamp(1.8rem,3vw,2.4rem)}
.industrial-evidence-copy p{color:#526176;font-size:.86rem}
.industrial-evidence-numbers{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:.75rem}
.industrial-evidence-numbers>div{padding:1.2rem;background:#fff;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:5px}
.industrial-evidence-numbers strong{display:block;color:#10243a;font-size:2.35rem;letter-spacing:-.06em}
.industrial-evidence-numbers span{color:#64748b;font-size:.7rem;line-height:1.5}
.industrial-domain-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0 1.6rem;border-top:1px solid #dbe3ec}
.industrial-domain-list>div{padding:1.25rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid #dbe3ec}
.industrial-domain-list span{color:#2563eb;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.61rem;letter-spacing:.08em}
.industrial-domain-list h3{margin:.45rem 0;font-size:1.12rem}
.industrial-domain-list p{margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.8rem}
.industrial-direction{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr .8fr;gap:2.5rem;align-items:center;margin:4rem 0;padding:2.3rem;border-radius:8px;background:#eff6ff}
.industrial-direction h2{margin:.5rem 0 .7rem;font-size:clamp(1.8rem,3vw,2.45rem)}
.industrial-direction p{color:#526176;font-size:.86rem}
.industrial-direction-box{padding:1.3rem;background:#fff;border:1px solid #dbe3ec;border-radius:6px}
.industrial-direction-box strong{font-size:.82rem;color:#10243a}
.industrial-direction-box ul{margin:.7rem 0 0;padding-left:1.2rem;color:#526176;font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.85}
.industrial-disclaimer{margin:2rem 0 0;padding:1rem 1.2rem;border-left:3px solid #94a3b8;background:#f8fafc;color:#64748b;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.7}

/* Concise professional background, not a crowded academic sitemap */
.background-hero{padding:3rem 0 2rem;border-bottom:1px solid #dbe3ec}
.background-hero h1{max-width:850px;margin:.7rem 0 .8rem;font-size:clamp(2.6rem,5vw,4.2rem)}
.background-hero>p{max-width:760px;color:#64748b;font-size:.95rem}
.background-index{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.45rem;margin-top:1.5rem}
.background-index a{padding:.45rem .7rem;border:1px solid #dbe3ec;border-radius:4px;color:#334155;text-decoration:none;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:650}
.background-index a:hover{border-color:#93c5fd;background:#eff6ff;color:#1d4ed8}
.professional-background section[data-background-section]{padding:2.3rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0;scroll-margin-top:100px}
.professional-background section h2{margin:.5rem 0 1.3rem;font-size:clamp(1.8rem,3vw,2.5rem)}
.background-timeline{max-width:850px;border-left:1px solid #cbd5e1}
.background-timeline>div{position:relative;margin:0 0 1.2rem;padding:0 0 0 1.4rem}
.background-timeline>div:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:.35rem;left:-5px;width:9px;height:9px;border:2px solid #fff;border-radius:50%;background:#2563eb}
.background-timeline span{color:#2563eb;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.65rem}
.background-timeline h3{margin:.3rem 0;font-size:1.05rem}
.background-timeline p{margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.82rem}
.background-research-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:.8rem}
.background-research-grid>div{padding:1.2rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:6px;background:#fff}
.background-research-grid span{color:#2563eb;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.65rem}
.background-research-grid h3{margin:.45rem 0;font-size:1.03rem}
.background-research-grid p{margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.78rem}
.background-link-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1.3rem;margin-top:1.2rem}
.background-link-row a{font-size:.78rem;font-weight:700}
.background-toolkit-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:.7rem}
.background-toolkit-grid>div{padding:1rem 1.2rem;background:#f8fafc;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:5px}
.background-toolkit-grid strong{font-size:.8rem;color:#10243a}
.background-toolkit-grid p{margin:.35rem 0 0;color:#64748b;font-size:.78rem}
.background-footer-cta{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:2rem;margin:2rem 0;padding:1.8rem;background:#10243a;border-radius:8px}
.background-footer-cta h2{margin:.4rem 0;color:#fff;font-size:1.5rem}
.background-footer-cta p{margin:0;color:#cbd5e1;font-size:.8rem}
.background-footer-cta .eyebrow{color:#93c5fd}
@media(max-width:1000px){
 .rd-home-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2rem}
 .rd-home-panel{max-width:680px}
 .rd-capability-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
 .industrial-steps{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}
}
@media(max-width:700px){
 .rd-home-hero{padding:2.8rem 0 2rem}
 .rd-home-copy h1{font-size:clamp(2.65rem,11vw,3.7rem)}
 .rd-capability-intro,.industrial-section-heading{display:block}
 .rd-capability-intro>p,.industrial-section-heading>p{margin-top:.7rem}
 .rd-capability-grid,.rd-domain-grid,.industrial-capabilities,.industrial-domain-list,.background-research-grid,.background-toolkit-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .rd-home-proof,.industrial-evidence,.industrial-value,.industrial-direction{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:1.5rem;gap:1.3rem}
 .rd-proof-data,.industrial-evidence-numbers{max-width:450px}
 .rd-home-contact,.background-footer-cta{display:block}
 .rd-home-contact .btn-main,.background-footer-cta .btn-main{margin-top:1rem}
 .industrial-hero{padding:2.7rem 0 2rem}
 .industrial-hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.5rem,10vw,3.6rem)}
 .industrial-workflow{padding:1.4rem}
 .industrial-steps{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
 .industrial-steps>div:last-child{grid-column:span 2}
 .background-hero{padding:2.5rem 0 1.7rem}
}
@media(max-width:480px){
 .rd-capability-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .rd-proof-data,.industrial-evidence-numbers{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}
 .industrial-steps{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .industrial-steps>div:last-child{grid-column:auto}
}

 
/* ===== Home page: restrained industrial R&D positioning ===== */
.home-rd{max-width:1160px;margin:0 auto}
.home-rd h1,.home-rd h2,.home-rd h3{font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif;color:#10243a;letter-spacing:-.045em}
.home-rd-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.12fr) minmax(350px,.88fr);gap:clamp(2rem,5vw,4.5rem);align-items:center;padding:4.1rem 0 3.6rem}
.home-rd-copy h1{margin:.9rem 0 1.25rem;font-size:clamp(3.1rem,5.6vw,5.05rem);line-height:1.04;font-weight:750}
.home-rd-lede{max-width:690px;color:#46566b;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.85}
.home-rd-secondary{margin-top:.7rem;color:#64748b;font-size:.91rem}
.home-rd-actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.6rem .85rem;margin-top:1.8rem}
.home-rd-actions .btn-main,.home-rd-actions .btn-outline{min-height:44px}
.home-rd-scholar{padding:.5rem .15rem;color:#1d4ed8;font-size:.77rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}
.home-rd-scholar:hover,.home-rd-text-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.home-rd-affiliation{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem 1rem;margin-top:2rem;padding-top:1rem;border-top:1px solid #e2e8f0;color:#64748b;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.58rem;letter-spacing:.08em}
.home-rd-visual{padding:2rem 1.8rem 1.4rem;background:#10243a;border-radius:8px;color:#fff;box-shadow:0 18px 44px rgba(16,36,58,.10)}
.home-rd-visual-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;color:#93c5fd;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.59rem;letter-spacing:.1em}
.home-rd-visual h2{margin:1.2rem 0 1.35rem;color:#fff;font-size:1.75rem;line-height:1.2}
.home-rd-flow{display:grid;gap:0}
.home-rd-flow>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:38px 1fr;gap:.85rem;padding:.9rem 0;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15)}
.home-rd-flow>div>span{padding-top:.15rem;color:#93c5fd;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.68rem}
.home-rd-flow strong{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:650}
.home-rd-flow small{display:block;margin-top:.2rem;color:#cbd5e1;font-size:.7rem;line-height:1.5}
.home-rd-visual-foot{margin-top:.8rem;padding-top:.95rem;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.17);color:#bfdbfe;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.55rem;letter-spacing:.05em}
.home-rd-capabilities{padding:2.2rem 0 3.3rem;border-top:1px solid #e2e8f0}
.home-rd-section-heading{margin-bottom:1.4rem}
.home-rd-section-heading h2{margin:.5rem 0 0;font-size:clamp(1.8rem,3.1vw,2.6rem);font-weight:700}
.home-rd-capability-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1.2rem}
.home-rd-capability-grid article{padding:1.2rem 1.1rem 1.2rem 0;border-top:2px solid #2563eb}
.home-rd-capability-grid article>span{color:#2563eb;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.59rem;letter-spacing:.08em}
.home-rd-capability-grid h3{margin:.8rem 0 .5rem;font-size:1.12rem;font-weight:700}
.home-rd-capability-grid p{margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.75}
.home-rd-evidence{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.2fr) minmax(280px,.8fr);gap:2rem;align-items:center;margin:1.2rem 0 3.8rem;padding:2.2rem;background:#f1f5f9;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:8px}
.home-rd-evidence-copy h2{max-width:650px;margin:.55rem 0 .8rem;font-size:clamp(1.7rem,3vw,2.35rem);font-weight:700}
.home-rd-evidence-copy p{max-width:650px;color:#526176;font-size:.87rem}
.home-rd-text-link{color:#1d4ed8;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}
.home-rd-metrics{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:.7rem}
.home-rd-metrics>div{padding:1.15rem;background:#fff;border:1px solid #dbe3ec;border-radius:5px}
.home-rd-metrics strong{display:block;color:#10243a;font-size:2.35rem;line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.06em}
.home-rd-metrics span{display:block;margin-top:.5rem;color:#64748b;font-size:.68rem;line-height:1.5}
.home-rd-domains{padding:0 0 3.3rem}
.home-rd-domain-list{border-top:1px solid #dbe3ec}
.home-rd-domain-list>a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:54px 1fr 24px;gap:1rem;align-items:center;padding:1.15rem .4rem;border-bottom:1px solid #dbe3ec;text-decoration:none;transition:background .15s ease}
.home-rd-domain-list>a:hover{background:#f8fafc}
.home-rd-domain-list>a>span{color:#2563eb;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.68rem}
.home-rd-domain-list h3{margin:0 0 .25rem;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700}
.home-rd-domain-list p{margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.77rem}
.home-rd-domain-list b{color:#2563eb;font-size:1rem}
.home-rd-contact{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:2rem;margin:0 0 1.5rem;padding:2rem 2.2rem;background:#10243a;border-radius:8px}
.home-rd-contact .eyebrow{color:#93c5fd}
.home-rd-contact h2{max-width:700px;margin:.55rem 0;color:#fff;font-size:clamp(1.55rem,3vw,2.2rem);font-weight:700}
.home-rd-contact p{margin:0;color:#cbd5e1;font-size:.82rem}
.home-rd-contact .btn-main{flex:0 0 auto;background:#fff;color:#10243a}
.home-rd-contact .btn-main:hover{background:#dbeafe;color:#10243a}
.scholar-profile-link{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:1.5rem;margin:1.5rem 0;padding:1.2rem 1.35rem;border:1px solid #dbe3ec;border-radius:6px;background:#f8fafc}
.scholar-profile-link strong,.scholar-profile-link span{display:block}
.scholar-profile-link strong{color:#10243a;font-size:.86rem}
.scholar-profile-link span{margin-top:.25rem;color:#64748b;font-size:.75rem}
.scholar-profile-link a{flex:0 0 auto;color:#1d4ed8;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}
@media(max-width:940px){
 .home-rd-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2rem;padding:3rem 0}
 .home-rd-visual{max-width:650px}
}
@media(max-width:700px){
 .home-rd-copy h1{font-size:clamp(2.65rem,11vw,3.8rem)}
 .home-rd-capability-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.5rem}
 .home-rd-capability-grid article{padding:1rem 0}
 .home-rd-evidence{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:1.4rem;gap:1rem}
 .home-rd-metrics{max-width:460px}
 .home-rd-contact,.scholar-profile-link{display:block}
 .home-rd-contact .btn-main,.scholar-profile-link a{display:inline-flex;margin-top:1rem}
 .home-rd-affiliation{display:grid}
 .home-rd-domain-list>a{grid-template-columns:34px 1fr 18px;gap:.6rem}
}



/* ===== Unified typography system · readable across the full site ===== */
:root{
  --font-ui:"Inter",Arial,sans-serif;
  --font-body:16px;
  --text-body:1rem;
  --text-secondary:.9rem;
  --text-small:.8rem;
  --text-meta:.72rem;
  --heading-1:clamp(2.35rem,4.2vw,3.65rem);
  --heading-2:clamp(1.75rem,2.8vw,2.35rem);
  --heading-3:clamp(1.08rem,1.5vw,1.28rem);
}
html{font-size:16px}
body{
  font-family:var(--font-ui);
  font-size:var(--text-body);
  line-height:1.7;
  color:#17243a;
}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{
  font-family:var(--font-ui);
  color:#10243a;
  letter-spacing:-.035em;
  line-height:1.2;
}
h1{font-size:var(--heading-1);font-weight:750;line-height:1.1}
h2{font-size:var(--heading-2);font-weight:700;line-height:1.22}
h3{font-size:var(--heading-3);font-weight:700;line-height:1.3}
h4{font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:700}
p,li,dd{font-size:var(--text-body);line-height:1.7}
small{font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.55}
main.content{font-size:1rem}
.navbar .nav-link{font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.3}
.navbar .navbar-brand{font-size:.84rem}
.page-footer{font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.55}
.eyebrow,.kicker,.section-label,.section-kicker{
  font-size:.7rem;
  line-height:1.45;
  letter-spacing:.11em;
}
.btn-main,.btn-outline,.btn-text,.btn-primary{
  font-size:.84rem;
  line-height:1.35;
}
.caption,.photo-caption,figcaption{font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.5}

/* Page-level heading scale */
.page-hero h1,.background-hero h1,.industrial-hero h1{
  font-size:var(--heading-1);
  line-height:1.1;
}
.page-hero .lede,.background-hero>p,.industrial-lede{
  font-size:1rem;
  line-height:1.75;
}
.section-head h2,.professional-background section h2,
.industrial-section-heading h2,.rd-capability-intro h2{
  font-size:var(--heading-2);
  line-height:1.22;
}
.section-head p,.industrial-section-heading>p,.rd-capability-intro>p{
  font-size:.9rem;
  line-height:1.65;
}

/* Home page */
.home-rd-copy h1{
  font-size:clamp(2.65rem,4.3vw,3.8rem);
  line-height:1.08;
  letter-spacing:-.045em;
}
.home-rd-lede{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75}
.home-rd-secondary{font-size:.94rem;line-height:1.7}
.home-rd-visual h2{font-size:1.55rem;line-height:1.25}
.home-rd-visual-top,.home-rd-visual-foot{font-size:.68rem;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.06em}
.home-rd-flow strong{font-size:.92rem}
.home-rd-flow small{font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.55}
.home-rd-section-heading h2{font-size:var(--heading-2)}
.home-rd-capability-grid article>span{font-size:.7rem;line-height:1.5}
.home-rd-capability-grid h3{font-size:1.16rem;line-height:1.3}
.home-rd-capability-grid p{font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.7}
.home-rd-evidence-copy h2{font-size:clamp(1.7rem,2.8vw,2.25rem);line-height:1.24}
.home-rd-evidence-copy p{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.7}
.home-rd-text-link,.home-rd-scholar{font-size:.84rem;line-height:1.45}
.home-rd-metrics strong{font-size:2.1rem}
.home-rd-metrics span{font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.55}
.home-rd-domain-list h3{font-size:1.08rem}
.home-rd-domain-list p{font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.6}
.home-rd-domain-list>a>span{font-size:.72rem}
.home-rd-domain-list b{font-size:1rem}
.home-rd-affiliation{font-size:.68rem;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.06em}
.home-rd-contact h2{font-size:clamp(1.6rem,2.7vw,2.1rem);line-height:1.25}
.home-rd-contact p{font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.6}

/* Industrial R&D page */
.industrial-hero h1{
  font-size:clamp(2.55rem,4.1vw,3.55rem);
  line-height:1.08;
}
.industrial-lede{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75}
.industrial-credentials{font-size:.72rem;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:0}
.industrial-value-main h2{font-size:var(--heading-2);line-height:1.24}
.industrial-value-main p,.industrial-value-side p{font-size:.94rem;line-height:1.75}
.industrial-value-side strong{font-size:.9rem}
.industrial-capabilities h3{font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.3}
.industrial-capabilities p{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.7}
.industrial-card-top span,.industrial-card-top small{font-size:.7rem;line-height:1.45}
.industrial-tags span{font-size:.76rem;line-height:1.45}
.industrial-steps span{font-size:.7rem}
.industrial-steps strong{font-size:.94rem}
.industrial-steps p{font-size:.84rem;line-height:1.6}
.industrial-evidence-copy h2{font-size:var(--heading-2);line-height:1.24}
.industrial-evidence-copy p{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.7}
.industrial-evidence-numbers strong{font-size:2.1rem}
.industrial-evidence-numbers span{font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.55}
.industrial-domain-list span{font-size:.7rem;line-height:1.5}
.industrial-domain-list h3{font-size:1.15rem}
.industrial-domain-list p{font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.65}
.industrial-direction h2{font-size:var(--heading-2);line-height:1.24}
.industrial-direction p{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.7}
.industrial-direction-box strong{font-size:.9rem}
.industrial-direction-box ul{font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.75}
.industrial-disclaimer{font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.65}

/* Background and academic pages */
.background-index a{font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.4}
.background-timeline span,.background-research-grid span{font-size:.72rem}
.background-timeline h3,.background-research-grid h3{font-size:1.12rem;line-height:1.3}
.background-timeline p,.background-research-grid p{font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.65}
.background-toolkit-grid strong{font-size:.9rem}
.background-toolkit-grid p{font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.65}
.background-link-row a{font-size:.84rem}
.background-footer-cta h2{font-size:1.55rem}
.background-footer-cta p{font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.6}

/* Common cards, publication records, tables and metadata */
.research-card h3,.note-card h3,.cv-block h3,.conference-card h3,.gallery-item h3{
  font-size:1.15rem;
  line-height:1.3;
}
.research-card p,.note-card p,.cv-block p,.conference-card p,.gallery-item p{
  font-size:.9rem;
  line-height:1.65;
}
.card-number,.conference-card .meta,.publication-meta,.technique-meta,.reading-topline{
  font-size:.72rem;
  line-height:1.5;
}
.publication-entry h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.35}
.publication-entry p{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.65}
.publication-entry>a{font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.55}
.publication-tools label{font-size:.9rem}
.publication-tools input{font-size:.95rem}
.filter-btn,.filter-status{font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.45}
.capability-table th{font-size:.78rem}
.capability-table td{font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.6}
.scholar-profile-link strong{font-size:.92rem}
.scholar-profile-link span{font-size:.84rem;line-height:1.55}
.scholar-profile-link a{font-size:.84rem}

/* Small-screen tuning: headings remain controlled; body remains comfortably readable */
@media(max-width:700px){
  :root{
    --heading-1:clamp(2.2rem,8.5vw,3rem);
    --heading-2:clamp(1.55rem,6vw,2rem);
  }
  body{font-size:.98rem}
  .home-rd-copy h1{font-size:clamp(2.35rem,9vw,3.1rem)}
  .industrial-hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.25rem,8.5vw,3rem)}
  .home-rd-visual h2{font-size:1.4rem}
  .home-rd-lede,.industrial-lede{font-size:.96rem}
  .home-rd-affiliation{font-size:.7rem}
  .industrial-workflow h2,.industrial-section-heading h2{font-size:var(--heading-2)}
}
@media(max-width:380px){
  .home-rd-copy h1,.industrial-hero h1{font-size:2.2rem}
  .home-rd-metrics strong,.industrial-evidence-numbers strong{font-size:1.9rem}
}


/* Final H1 scale adjustment: calmer, more balanced page titles */
:root{--heading-1:clamp(2rem,3.2vw,2.9rem)}
h1,.page-hero h1,.background-hero h1,.industrial-hero h1{
  font-size:var(--heading-1);
  line-height:1.15;
  letter-spacing:-.035em;
}
.home-rd-copy h1{
  font-size:clamp(2.2rem,3.5vw,3.05rem);
  line-height:1.12;
  letter-spacing:-.04em;
}
@media(max-width:700px){
  :root{--heading-1:clamp(1.9rem,7.5vw,2.5rem)}
  .home-rd-copy h1,.industrial-hero h1{
    font-size:clamp(2rem,8vw,2.55rem);
    line-height:1.14;
  }
}


/* Articles: Quarto listing cards */
#latest-articles {
  margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem;
  width: 100%;
}
#latest-articles .quarto-listing-grid {
  display: grid !important;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)) !important;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  align-items: stretch;
}
#latest-articles .quarto-grid-item,
#latest-articles .quarto-listing-grid > div {
  min-width: 0;
  width: auto !important;
  max-width: none !important;
  grid-column: auto !important;
}
#latest-articles .card {
  height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #dbe3ec;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 5px 18px rgba(16,36,58,.045);
  transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
}
#latest-articles .card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(16,36,58,.1);
}
#latest-articles .thumbnail-image,
#latest-articles .card-img-top,
#latest-articles img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 190px;
  object-fit: cover;
  background: #e8edf0;
}
#latest-articles .card-body { padding: 1.1rem 1.15rem 1.25rem; }
#latest-articles .card-title {
  margin: .25rem 0 .55rem;
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-weight: 700;
}
#latest-articles .card-text { color: #64748b; font-size: .88rem; line-height: 1.6; }
#latest-articles .listing-date { color: #64748b; font-size: .72rem; }
.articles-listing-intro { margin: .4rem 0 1.2rem; color: #64748b; font-size: .92rem; }
.articles-editor-link { margin: 1.6rem 0 0; text-align: right; }
.articles-editor-link a { font-size: .84rem; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; }
.articles-editor-link a:hover { color: #2563eb; }
.article-feature-art-inner {
  display: grid;
  min-height: 280px;
  height: 100%;
  place-items: center;
  padding: 2rem;
  color: #dce8f2;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 50% 45%, rgba(147,197,253,.24), transparent 38%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #102b4e, #183e5a);
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", monospace;
  font-size: .72rem;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-align: center;
}
@media(max-width: 900px) {
  #latest-articles .quarto-listing-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr)) !important;
  }
}
@media(max-width: 600px) {
  #latest-articles .quarto-listing-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
  }
  #latest-articles .thumbnail-image,
  #latest-articles .card-img-top,
  #latest-articles img { height: 210px; }
  .article-feature-art-inner { min-height: 190px; }
}

/* Interactive relative-density laboratory */
.rd-lab{--rd-ink:#172b35;--rd-muted:#6b7b80;--rd-green:#264b47;--rd-copper:#bd7955;margin:3rem 0 4rem;padding:clamp(1.2rem,3vw,2.5rem);background:linear-gradient(145deg,#102b36 0%,#183f46 52%,#244f4b 100%);color:#f8fbf8;border-radius:18px;box-shadow:0 24px 65px rgba(20,49,52,.16);position:relative;overflow:hidden}
.rd-lab:before{content:"";position:absolute;width:520px;height:520px;right:-230px;top:-300px;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);border-radius:50%;box-shadow:0 0 0 38px rgba(255,255,255,.025),0 0 0 82px rgba(255,255,255,.02);pointer-events:none}
.rd-lab-heading{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;gap:1.5rem;position:relative;z-index:1;margin-bottom:1.8rem}
.rd-eyebrow,.rd-card-tag,.rd-result-label,.rd-presets>span{font:700 .63rem/1.5 "IBM Plex Mono",monospace;letter-spacing:.15em;color:#d9b69d}
.rd-lab-heading h2{color:#fff;margin:.5rem 0;font-size:clamp(1.9rem,4vw,3rem)}
.rd-lab-heading p{color:#c7d6d1;max-width:690px;margin:0;font-size:.9rem}
.rd-live-mark{white-space:nowrap;color:#dce9e3;font:600 .61rem "IBM Plex Mono",monospace;letter-spacing:.1em;padding:.55rem .7rem;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.2);border-radius:30px}
.rd-live-mark span{display:inline-block;width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:#8fd3a7;margin-right:.45rem;box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgba(143,211,167,.12)}
.rd-tool-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:1rem;position:relative;z-index:1}
.rd-tool-card{min-width:0;padding:clamp(1rem,2.2vw,1.65rem);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);border-radius:12px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.97);color:var(--rd-ink);box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.09)}
.rd-card-top{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:.6rem}
.rd-number{font:600 .8rem "IBM Plex Mono",monospace;color:var(--rd-copper)}
.rd-card-tag{font-size:.56rem;color:#71857e;text-align:right}
.rd-tool-card h3{font-size:1.7rem;margin:.55rem 0 .35rem;color:var(--rd-ink)}
.rd-card-intro{font-size:.8rem;color:#68787c;line-height:1.6;min-height:3.8em;margin:0 0 1.2rem}
.rd-field{min-width:0;margin:.65rem 0}
.rd-field label{display:block;margin:0 0 .32rem;color:#43565b;font-size:.71rem;font-weight:700}
.rd-field label small{font-weight:500;color:#879498;margin-left:.25rem}
.rd-field input,.rd-field select{display:block;width:100%;min-width:0;height:42px;padding:.55rem .7rem;border:1px solid #d8e0dd;border-radius:6px;background:#fbfcfa;color:#20343a;font:500 .82rem "IBM Plex Mono",monospace;box-shadow:none}
.rd-field input:focus,.rd-field select:focus{outline:2px solid rgba(86,118,111,.25);border-color:#668a7e}
.rd-field-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:.7rem}
.rd-lattice-fields .rd-field-row{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}
.rd-method-panel[hidden],.rd-shape-panel[hidden]{display:none}
.rd-equation-note{padding:.7rem .8rem;margin:.8rem 0;background:#f0f4f0;border-left:3px solid #bd7955;color:#48605e;font:500 .7rem/1.7 "IBM Plex Mono",monospace;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.rd-result{margin-top:1rem;padding:1.1rem 1.15rem;border-radius:9px;background:#183f42;color:#fff}
.rd-result-label{color:#b9d2c6;font-size:.56rem}
.rd-result-main{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.4rem;margin:.15rem 0 .55rem}
.rd-result-main strong{font:500 clamp(2.4rem,5vw,3.45rem)/1.15 "IBM Plex Mono",monospace;letter-spacing:-.07em;color:#fff}
.rd-result-main span{font-size:.9rem;color:#d9b69d}
.rd-meter{height:7px;border-radius:10px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.16);overflow:hidden}
.rd-meter span{display:block;height:100%;width:96.94%;border-radius:10px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#d6a27e,#a9d2b7);transition:width .25s ease}
.rd-result-stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:.8rem;margin-top:.9rem;padding-top:.75rem;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.17)}
.rd-result-stats span{display:block;color:#b9cbc4;font-size:.62rem}
.rd-result-stats strong{display:block;margin-top:.2rem;color:#fff;font:500 .8rem "IBM Plex Mono",monospace;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.rd-result-note{margin:.7rem 0 0;color:#c6d7d0;font-size:.65rem;line-height:1.5}
.rd-result.rd-invalid{background:#653e37}
.rd-reset{margin-top:.9rem;padding:.55rem .8rem;border:1px solid #cbd7d1;border-radius:5px;background:#fff;color:#36564f;font-size:.7rem;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer}
.rd-reset:hover{background:#edf3ef}
.rd-footnote{margin:.7rem 0 0;color:#82918f;font-size:.62rem;line-height:1.55}
.rd-lattice-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 130px;gap:.7rem;align-items:center}
.rd-cell-visual{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:.5rem .2rem;background:#f3f6f5;border:1px solid #e1e8e4;border-radius:8px}
.rd-cell-visual svg{width:100%;max-width:125px;height:auto}
.rd-cell-visual span{font:600 .48rem "IBM Plex Mono",monospace;color:#758780;letter-spacing:.08em;text-align:center}
.rd-crystal-result{background:#223f58}
.rd-crystal-result .rd-result-main strong{font-size:clamp(2rem,4vw,2.8rem)}
.rd-presets{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.45rem;margin-top:1rem}
.rd-presets>span{color:#81918c;font-size:.53rem;margin-right:.2rem}
.rd-presets button{padding:.42rem .55rem;border:1px solid #d5dfda;border-radius:4px;background:#f8faf8;color:#435d56;font-size:.61rem;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer}
.rd-presets button:hover{border-color:#6e9383;background:#eef4ef}
.rd-lab-bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:1.2rem;padding-top:1rem;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);color:#b6c9c1;font:500 .55rem "IBM Plex Mono",monospace;letter-spacing:.08em}
@media(max-width:900px){.rd-tool-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.rd-card-intro{min-height:0}}
@media(max-width:560px){.rd-lab{margin:2rem -0.4rem;padding:1rem;border-radius:10px}.rd-lab-heading{display:block}.rd-live-mark{display:inline-block;margin-top:1rem}.rd-lattice-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr 92px}.rd-lattice-fields .rd-field-row{gap:.35rem}.rd-field-row{gap:.5rem}.rd-tool-card{padding:1rem}.rd-result-stats{gap:.5rem}.rd-result-stats strong{font-size:.69rem}}


/* Relative-density lab: scoped layout safeguards and responsive card sizing */
#relative-density-lab,
#relative-density-lab * { box-sizing: border-box; }
#relative-density-lab [hidden] { display: none !important; }
#relative-density-lab .rd-tool-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  align-items: stretch;
}
#relative-density-lab .rd-tool-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-width: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #dce5e1;
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: #fff;
  color: #172b35;
}
#relative-density-lab .rd-tool-card h3 {
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2vw, 1.7rem);
  line-height: 1.2;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
#relative-density-lab .rd-card-intro {
  min-height: 0;
  max-width: 58ch;
}
#relative-density-lab .rd-field-row > .rd-field { min-width: 0; }
#relative-density-lab .rd-cell-visual {
  min-width: 0;
  min-height: 150px;
}
#relative-density-lab .rd-cell-visual svg {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 145px;
  height: auto;
}
#relative-density-lab .rd-cell-visual [hidden] { display: none !important; }
#relative-density-lab .rd-result { margin-top: auto; }
#relative-density-lab .rd-reset,
#relative-density-lab .rd-presets button {
  min-height: 40px;
}
#relative-density-lab input,
#relative-density-lab select,
#relative-density-lab button { max-width: 100%; }
#relative-density-lab .rd-footnote { color: #667b75; }
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  #relative-density-lab .rd-tool-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
}
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  #relative-density-lab { margin-inline: 0; padding: 1rem; }
  #relative-density-lab .rd-lattice-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 88px; }
  #relative-density-lab .rd-tool-card { padding: 1rem; }
  #relative-density-lab .rd-field-row { gap: .5rem; }
  #relative-density-lab .rd-card-tag { letter-spacing: .08em; }
}


/* Clear stacked fraction in the interactive Archimedes equation */
#relative-density-lab .rd-equation-note {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .35rem;
}
#relative-density-lab .rd-fraction {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  vertical-align: middle;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.35;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
#relative-density-lab .rd-fraction .rd-numerator {
  padding: 0 .3rem .12rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid currentColor;
}
#relative-density-lab .rd-fraction .rd-denominator {
  padding: .12rem .3rem 0;
}


/* Articles hub — editorial hero with original theme and listing sections */
.articles-hub { --ah-ink:#102b4e; --ah-blue:#2563eb; --ah-muted:#64748b; --ah-line:#dbe3ec; }
.articles-hub .articles-hero {
  display:block;
  margin:1.2rem 0 3.5rem;
  padding:clamp(1.2rem,3vw,2.4rem) 0 2.4rem;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);
  background:transparent;
}
.articles-hub .articles-hero-copy { display:block; max-width:900px; }
.articles-hub .articles-hero-copy .eyebrow { color:var(--copper); }
.articles-hub .articles-hero-copy h1 {
  max-width:850px; margin:.8rem 0 1.1rem; color:var(--ink);
  font-size:clamp(2.4rem,5.5vw,4.5rem); line-height:1.04; letter-spacing:-.055em;
}
.articles-hub .articles-hero-copy p { max-width:720px; margin:0; color:var(--muted); font-size:1rem; line-height:1.8; }
.articles-hub .articles-hero-meta { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:.45rem .8rem; margin:1.25rem 0 0; color:var(--green-dark); font-size:.68rem; font-weight:600; }
.articles-hub .articles-hero-meta span+span:before { content:"·"; margin-right:.8rem; color:var(--copper); }
.articles-hub .articles-hero-actions { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:1.2rem; margin-top:1.5rem; }
.articles-hub .articles-action-primary,.articles-hub .articles-action-secondary {
  display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:.6rem; min-height:38px;
  padding:.35rem 0; border:0; border-bottom:1px solid var(--green);
  border-radius:0; color:var(--green-dark); background:transparent;
  font-size:.76rem; font-weight:700; text-decoration:none;
}
.articles-hub .articles-action-primary:hover,.articles-hub .articles-action-secondary:hover {
  color:var(--copper); border-color:var(--copper);
}
.articles-section-heading {
  display:flex; align-items:end; justify-content:space-between; gap:2rem; margin:0 0 1.5rem;
}
.articles-hub .articles-section-heading .eyebrow { color:#2563eb; }
.articles-hub .articles-section-heading h2 { margin:.4rem 0 0; color:#111827; font-size:clamp(1.65rem,3vw,2.25rem); letter-spacing:-.045em; }
.articles-hub .articles-section-heading>p { max-width:440px; margin:0; color:#64748b; font-size:.84rem; line-height:1.7; }
.articles-hub .articles-topic-grid {
  display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:1rem; margin:0 0 4.2rem;
}
.articles-hub .articles-topic-card {
  position:relative; display:flex; flex-direction:column; min-width:0; min-height:245px;
  padding:1.3rem; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:7px; background:#fff;
  color:#111827; text-decoration:none; transition:transform .2s ease,border-color .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease;
}
.articles-hub .articles-topic-card:hover {
  transform:translateY(-4px); border-color:#bfdbfe; box-shadow:0 14px 32px rgba(15,35,60,.08);
}
.articles-hub .articles-topic-number { position:absolute; top:1.1rem; right:1.2rem; color:#cbd5e1; font:600 .72rem "IBM Plex Mono",monospace; }
.articles-hub .articles-topic-label { color:#2563eb; font-size:.58rem; font-weight:800; letter-spacing:.12em; }
.articles-hub .articles-topic-card h3 { margin:.8rem 0 .55rem; color:#102b4e; font-size:1.17rem; line-height:1.25; letter-spacing:-.015em; }
.articles-hub .articles-topic-card h3 a { color:inherit; text-decoration:none; }
.articles-hub .articles-topic-card h3 a:hover { color:#1d4ed8; }
.articles-hub .articles-topic-card p { margin:0 0 1rem; color:#64748b; font-size:.79rem; line-height:1.65; }
.articles-hub .articles-topic-link { display:inline-block; margin-top:auto; color:#1d4ed8; font-size:.7rem; font-weight:700; text-decoration:none; }
.articles-hub .articles-topic-link:hover { text-decoration:underline; }
.articles-hub .articles-latest-heading { margin-top:.2rem; }
.articles-hub #latest-articles { margin:1.4rem 0 3.4rem; }
.articles-hub #latest-articles .quarto-listing-grid {
  display:grid!important; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))!important; gap:1.1rem; align-items:stretch;
}
.articles-hub #latest-articles .quarto-grid-item,.articles-hub #latest-articles .quarto-listing-grid>div {
  width:auto!important; max-width:none!important; min-width:0; grid-column:auto!important;
}
.articles-hub #latest-articles .card {
  height:100%; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:7px; background:#fff;
  box-shadow:0 3px 12px rgba(15,35,60,.035); transition:transform .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease;
}
.articles-hub #latest-articles .card:hover { transform:translateY(-4px); box-shadow:0 14px 32px rgba(15,35,60,.09); }
.articles-hub #latest-articles .thumbnail-image,.articles-hub #latest-articles .card-img-top,
.articles-hub #latest-articles img { display:block; width:100%; height:205px; object-fit:cover; background:#eaf0f7; }
.articles-hub #latest-articles .card-body { padding:1.05rem 1.1rem 1.2rem; }
.articles-hub #latest-articles .card-title { margin:.2rem 0 .55rem; color:#102b4e; font-size:1rem; line-height:1.4; font-weight:700; }
.articles-hub #latest-articles .card-text { color:#64748b; font-size:.8rem; line-height:1.65; }
.articles-hub #latest-articles .listing-date,.articles-hub #latest-articles .listing-categories { color:#64748b; font-size:.68rem; }
.articles-hub #latest-articles .listing-category { display:inline-block; margin:.2rem .2rem .2rem 0; padding:.2rem .45rem; border:1px solid #dbeafe; border-radius:3px; color:#1d4ed8; font-size:.62rem; }
.articles-hub .articles-reading-callout {
  display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; gap:2rem;
  margin:3rem 0 1.5rem; padding:2rem 2.2rem; border-radius:8px; background:#eff6ff;
}
.articles-hub .articles-reading-callout .eyebrow { color:#2563eb; }
.articles-hub .articles-reading-callout h2 { margin:.4rem 0 .5rem; color:#102b4e; font-size:1.65rem; }
.articles-hub .articles-reading-callout p { max-width:650px; margin:0; color:#475569; font-size:.84rem; }
.articles-hub .articles-reading-callout>a { flex:0 0 auto; color:#1d4ed8; font-size:.76rem; font-weight:700; text-decoration:none; }
.articles-hub .articles-reading-callout>a:hover { text-decoration:underline; }
.articles-hub .articles-editor-note {
  margin:1.5rem 0; padding:1rem 1.2rem; border-left:3px solid #2563eb;
  background:#f8fafc; color:#64748b; font-size:.77rem; line-height:1.7;
}
.articles-hub .articles-editor-link { margin:1.2rem 0 0; text-align:right; }
.articles-hub .articles-editor-link a { color:#64748b; font-size:.72rem; font-weight:600; text-decoration:none; }
.articles-hub .articles-editor-link a:hover { color:#1d4ed8; }
@media(max-width:900px) {
  .articles-hub .articles-hero { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .articles-hub .articles-hero-feature { display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.85fr) minmax(0,1.15fr); }
  .articles-hub .articles-feature-image img { height:100%; min-height:220px; }
  .articles-hub .articles-topic-grid { grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); }
  .articles-hub #latest-articles .quarto-listing-grid { grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))!important; }
}
@media(max-width:600px) {
  .articles-hub .articles-hero { margin:.6rem 0 3rem; padding:1.35rem; gap:1.2rem; }
  .articles-hub .articles-hero-copy h1 { font-size:clamp(2rem,9vw,2.65rem); }
  .articles-hub .articles-hero-meta { display:block; line-height:1.9; }
  .articles-hub .articles-hero-meta span { display:inline; }
  .articles-hub .articles-hero-meta span+span:before { margin-right:.45rem; }
  .articles-hub .articles-hero-feature { display:flex; }
  .articles-hub .articles-feature-image img { height:185px; min-height:0; }
  .articles-hub .articles-section-heading { display:block; }
  .articles-hub .articles-section-heading>p { margin-top:.75rem; }
  .articles-hub .articles-topic-grid,.articles-hub #latest-articles .quarto-listing-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr!important; }
  .articles-hub .articles-topic-card { min-height:210px; }
  .articles-hub .articles-reading-callout { display:block; padding:1.35rem; }
  .articles-hub .articles-reading-callout>a { display:inline-block; margin-top:1rem; }
}


/* Homepage research film */
.home-film {
  margin: 1.5rem 0 5rem;
  padding: clamp(1.3rem, 3.2vw, 2.5rem);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fffefa;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.home-film-heading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.35rem;
}
.home-film-heading h2 {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: .55rem 0 .65rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3.5vw, 2.8rem);
}
.home-film-heading p {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: .92rem;
}
.home-film-duration {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  padding: .55rem .7rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--green-dark);
  font: 600 .62rem "IBM Plex Mono", monospace;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
}
.home-film-frame {
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #050d19;
  border: 1px solid rgba(23,43,53,.12);
}
.home-film-frame video {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 720px;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: #050d19;
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .home-film { margin: 1rem 0 3.5rem; padding: 1rem; }
  .home-film-heading { display: block; }
  .home-film-duration { display: inline-block; margin-top: 1rem; }
}


/* Original About-page portrait: preserve square framing and full image */
.profile-image-real { background:#050505; border-color:#d9e1e8; }
.profile-image-real img { aspect-ratio:1 / 1; object-fit:contain; background:#050505; }

/* Article page titles: large, open, and highly legible */
.article-page-title {
  display: block;
  max-width: 1050px;
  margin: 1rem 0 2.2rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: "Inter", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 5.2vw, 4.35rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  line-height: 1.18;
  text-wrap: pretty;
  overflow-wrap: normal;
  word-break: normal;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .article-page-title {
    margin: .7rem 0 1.7rem;
    font-size: clamp(2.15rem, 8vw, 2.8rem);
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing: 0;
  }
}

 
/* Scientific calculators hub */
.calculators-hub { --calc-ink:#172b35; --calc-muted:#687a7c; --calc-line:#d9ded7; }
.calculators-hero {
  margin:1.2rem 0 3.6rem; padding:2.5rem 0 2.3rem;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--calc-line);
}
.calculators-hero .eyebrow { color:var(--copper); }
.calculators-hero h1 {
  max-width:900px; margin:.8rem 0 1rem; color:var(--calc-ink);
  font-size:clamp(2.7rem,6vw,4.7rem); line-height:1.04; letter-spacing:-.045em;
}
.calculators-hero>p { max-width:760px; margin:0; color:var(--calc-muted); font-size:1.02rem; line-height:1.8; }
.calculators-meta { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:.5rem 1rem; margin-top:1.35rem; color:var(--green-dark); font:600 .62rem "IBM Plex Mono",monospace; letter-spacing:.08em; }
.calculators-meta span+span:before { content:"·"; margin-right:1rem; color:var(--copper); }
.calculators-section { margin:0 0 4rem; }
.calculators-section-heading { display:flex; align-items:end; justify-content:space-between; gap:2rem; margin:0 0 1.4rem; }
.calculators-section-heading h2 { margin:.45rem 0 0; font-size:clamp(1.8rem,3.5vw,2.55rem); }
.calculators-section-heading>p { max-width:420px; margin:0; color:var(--muted); font-size:.86rem; }
.calculators-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:1rem; }
.calculator-card {
  position:relative; display:flex; flex-direction:column; min-width:0; min-height:330px;
  padding:1.5rem; border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:5px;
  background:var(--white); color:var(--ink); text-decoration:none;
}
a.calculator-card { transition:transform .2s ease,border-color .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease; }
a.calculator-card:hover { color:var(--ink); transform:translateY(-4px); border-color:#a9b9af; box-shadow:var(--shadow); }
.calculator-card-top { display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; gap:1rem; }
.calculator-number { color:var(--copper); font:600 .76rem "IBM Plex Mono",monospace; }
.calculator-status { padding:.32rem .48rem; border:1px solid var(--line); color:var(--green-dark); font:600 .56rem "IBM Plex Mono",monospace; letter-spacing:.07em; }
.calculator-symbol { display:grid; place-items:center; width:58px; height:58px; margin:1.6rem 0 .8rem; border:1px solid #dce5df; background:#f0f3ee; color:var(--green-dark); font:400 2rem Georgia,serif; }
.calculator-card h3 { margin:.2rem 0 .65rem; font-size:1.55rem; }
.calculator-card p { max-width:60ch; margin:0 0 1.2rem; color:var(--muted); font-size:.84rem; line-height:1.75; }
.calculator-link { display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; gap:1rem; margin-top:auto; padding-top:1rem; border-top:1px solid var(--line); color:var(--green-dark); font-size:.75rem; font-weight:700; }
.calculator-link b { color:var(--copper); font-size:1rem; }
.calculator-card-upcoming { background:#f0f0e9; border-style:dashed; }
.calculator-card-upcoming .calculator-symbol { background:#e7e9e1; color:#718078; }
.calculator-card-upcoming .calculator-status { color:#7b8179; }
.calculator-card-upcoming .calculator-link { color:#7b8179; }
.calculators-footnote { max-width:850px; margin:0 0 2rem; padding:1rem 1.2rem; border-left:3px solid var(--copper); background:var(--paper-2); color:var(--muted); font-size:.76rem; line-height:1.7; }
@media(max-width:700px) {
  .calculators-hero { margin:.5rem 0 2.8rem; padding:1.4rem 0 1.8rem; }
  .calculators-section-heading { display:block; }
  .calculators-section-heading>p { margin-top:.7rem; }
  .calculators-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .calculator-card { min-height:300px; padding:1.2rem; }
  .calculators-meta { line-height:1.8; }
}


/* Scientific Calculator Hub — scalable tool library */
.calculators-hub { --hub-accent:#bd7955; }
.calculators-hero { position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.35fr) minmax(260px,.65fr);align-items:center;gap:3rem;min-height:440px;margin:0 calc((1240px - 100vw)/2);padding:4.5rem max(max(calc((100vw - 1240px)/2),2rem),5vw);overflow:hidden;background:#203d3b;color:#fff; }
.calculators-hero:after { content:"";position:absolute;width:520px;height:520px;right:8%;top:-58%;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);border-radius:50%;box-shadow:0 0 0 42px rgba(255,255,255,.025),0 0 0 90px rgba(255,255,255,.02);pointer-events:none; }
.calculators-hero .eyebrow { color:#d9b49c; }.calculator-hero-copy{position:relative;z-index:1;max-width:760px;}
.calculators-hero h1{margin:1rem 0 1.25rem;color:#fff;font-size:clamp(2.8rem,5.5vw,5rem);line-height:1.02;}.calculators-hero h1 em{color:#d9b49c;font-style:normal;}
.calculators-lede{max-width:690px;color:#d8e2dc;font-size:1.03rem;line-height:1.85;}.calculators-hero-actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:1.2rem;margin-top:2rem;}
.calculator-primary-action{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:1.4rem;padding:.85rem 1.1rem;background:#f7f6f1;color:#203d3b;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;}.calculator-primary-action:hover{background:#d9b49c;color:#203d3b;}.calculator-primary-action span{font-size:1.1rem;}.calculators-note{color:#bdcbc3;font-size:.75rem;}
.calculator-hero-aside{position:relative;z-index:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:1rem;}.calculator-orbit{position:relative;display:grid;place-items:center;width:220px;aspect-ratio:1;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);border-radius:50%;color:#e3c1a9;font-family:Georgia,serif;}.calculator-orbit:before,.calculator-orbit:after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:20px;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);border-radius:50%;transform:rotate(55deg) scaleX(.52);}.calculator-orbit:after{transform:rotate(-55deg) scaleX(.52);}.calculator-orbit span{font-size:2.5rem;letter-spacing:.15em;}.calculator-orbit i,.calculator-orbit b,.calculator-orbit small{position:absolute;font-style:normal;font-size:1.3rem;}.calculator-orbit i{top:22px;right:35px;}.calculator-orbit b{bottom:30px;left:25px;}.calculator-orbit small{right:12px;bottom:65px;}
.calculator-aside-caption{display:flex;flex-direction:column;text-align:center;}.calculator-aside-caption strong{color:#fff;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:400;}.calculator-aside-caption span{color:#bdcbc3;font-size:.72rem;}
.calculator-library{padding:4.5rem 0 2rem;}.calculator-library-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:2rem;}.calculator-library-heading h2,.calculator-hub-bottom h2{margin:.45rem 0 .5rem;font-size:clamp(2rem,3.5vw,2.8rem);}.calculator-library-heading p{margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem;}
.calculator-library-count{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5rem;padding-bottom:.3rem;white-space:nowrap;}.calculator-library-count strong{color:var(--green-dark);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:2.2rem;font-weight:400;}.calculator-library-count span{color:var(--muted);font-size:.72rem;}
.calculator-controls{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1rem;margin:2rem 0 1.8rem;padding:1.1rem;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--white);}.calculator-search{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.75rem;min-height:48px;padding:0 .85rem;border:1px solid #cbd4ce;background:#fff;}.calculator-search>span{color:var(--green);font-size:1.5rem;}.calculator-search input{flex:1;min-width:0;border:0;outline:0;background:transparent;color:var(--ink);font:inherit;font-size:.86rem;}.calculator-search kbd{padding:.1rem .4rem;border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--muted);font-size:.68rem;}
.calculator-filters{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem;}.calculator-filter{padding:.55rem .85rem;border:1px solid var(--line);background:transparent;color:var(--ink-2);font:inherit;font-size:.74rem;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer;transition:all .18s ease;}.calculator-filter:hover{border-color:var(--green);color:var(--green-dark);}.calculator-filter.is-active{border-color:var(--green-dark);background:var(--green-dark);color:#fff;}
.calculator-results-label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;margin:0 0 .9rem;color:var(--muted);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.65rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em;}.calculator-results-label span:last-child{font-weight:500;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;}
.calculators-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1rem;}.calculator-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;min-height:365px;padding:1.35rem;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--white);color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;transition:transform .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease,border-color .2s ease;}.calculator-card[hidden]{display:none!important;}a.calculator-card:hover{color:var(--ink);border-color:#9aafa4;box-shadow:var(--shadow);transform:translateY(-4px);}
.calculator-card-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;}.calculator-number{color:var(--copper);font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.7rem;}.calculator-status{padding:.28rem .48rem;background:#e8eee8;color:#35594e;font-size:.58rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.07em;}.calculator-card-upcoming .calculator-status{background:#f2e9df;color:#8a5d40;}
.calculator-symbol{display:grid;place-items:center;width:52px;height:52px;margin:1.5rem 0 1rem;border:1px solid #d6dfd8;background:#f0f3ed;color:var(--green-dark);font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:1.8rem;}.calculator-card-category{color:var(--copper);font-size:.6rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em;}.calculator-card h3{margin:.45rem 0 .65rem;font-size:1.45rem;}.calculator-card p{margin:0 0 1.4rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.79rem;line-height:1.7;}.calculator-link{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:.6rem;margin-top:auto;padding-top:1rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--green-dark);font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700;}.calculator-link b{color:var(--copper);font-size:1rem;}.calculator-link-muted{color:var(--muted);}.calculator-card-upcoming{background:#f4f3ed;border-style:dashed;}
.calculator-empty-state{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;padding:3rem 1rem;border:1px dashed #b8c6bd;color:var(--muted);text-align:center;}.calculator-empty-state[hidden]{display:none;}.calculator-empty-state strong{color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.35rem;font-weight:400;}
.calculator-hub-bottom{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:3rem;align-items:center;margin:4.5rem 0 2rem;padding:2.3rem;background:#e9eee8;}.calculator-hub-bottom h2{max-width:500px;margin-bottom:0;}.calculator-hub-bottom p{margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:.88rem;}.calculators-footnote{margin-top:2rem;padding-top:1rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--muted);font-size:.72rem;}
@media(max-width:850px){.calculators-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;margin:0 -1rem;padding:3.5rem 1.5rem;}.calculator-hero-aside{display:none;}.calculators-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));}}
@media(max-width:600px){.calculators-hero{min-height:0;padding:3rem 1.25rem;}.calculators-hero h1{font-size:2.75rem;}.calculator-library{padding-top:3rem;}.calculator-library-heading{align-items:start;}.calculator-library-count{flex-direction:column;gap:0;align-items:flex-end;}.calculators-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.calculator-card{min-height:330px;}.calculator-hub-bottom{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1rem;margin-top:3rem;padding:1.5rem;}.calculator-results-label{font-size:.58rem;}}


/* Calculator Hub — restrained editorial layout */
.calculators-hub{max-width:1100px;margin:0 auto}.hub-intro{padding:3.2rem 0 2.6rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.hub-intro h1{max-width:800px;margin:.65rem 0 .8rem;font-size:clamp(2.4rem,5vw,4.1rem);line-height:1.08}.hub-intro p{max-width:690px;margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:1rem}
.hub-library{padding:2.8rem 0 1.5rem}.hub-library-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:1rem;margin-bottom:1.3rem}.hub-library-head h2{margin:.3rem 0 0;font-size:2rem}.hub-count{color:var(--muted);font-size:.78rem;white-space:nowrap}.hub-count strong{color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.65rem;font-weight:400}
.hub-toolbar{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.9rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem}.hub-search{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.65rem;min-height:46px;padding:0 .8rem;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--white)}.hub-search>span{color:var(--green);font-size:1.35rem}.hub-search input{width:100%;min-width:0;border:0;outline:0;background:transparent;color:var(--ink);font:inherit;font-size:.85rem}
.hub-filters{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.4rem}.hub-filter{padding:.45rem .75rem;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;background:transparent;color:var(--ink-2);font:inherit;font-size:.73rem;cursor:pointer}.hub-filter:hover{border-color:var(--green)}.hub-filter.is-active{border-color:var(--green-dark);background:var(--green-dark);color:#fff}
.hub-results-meta{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;margin:0 0 .7rem;padding-bottom:.55rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--muted);font-size:.62rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em}.hub-results-meta span:last-child{font-weight:500;letter-spacing:0}
.hub-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1rem}.hub-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;min-height:285px;padding:1.15rem;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--white);color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .18s ease,transform .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease}.hub-card[hidden]{display:none!important}a.hub-card:hover{color:var(--ink);border-color:#9eafa5;box-shadow:0 10px 28px rgba(23,43,53,.07);transform:translateY(-2px)}
.hub-card-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:.5rem;margin-bottom:1.2rem}.hub-card-icon{display:grid;place-items:center;width:38px;height:38px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);color:var(--green-dark);font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:1.4rem}.hub-card-status{color:var(--green-dark);font-size:.62rem;font-weight:600}.hub-card-pending .hub-card-status{color:#956b4e}.hub-card-category{color:var(--copper);font-size:.59rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em}.hub-card h3{margin:.4rem 0 .55rem;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.35rem;line-height:1.2}.hub-card p{margin:0 0 1.1rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.77rem;line-height:1.65}.hub-card-link{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;margin-top:auto;padding-top:.8rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--green-dark);font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700}.hub-card-link b{color:var(--copper);font-size:.95rem}.hub-card-link-muted{color:var(--muted)}.hub-card-pending{background:#f4f3ed;border-style:dashed}
.hub-empty{padding:2.5rem 1rem;border:1px dashed var(--line);color:var(--muted);text-align:center;font-size:.85rem}.hub-empty[hidden]{display:none}.hub-note{display:grid;grid-template-columns:190px 1fr;gap:1.5rem;margin:3rem 0 1rem;padding:1.4rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.hub-note .eyebrow{padding-top:.2rem}.hub-note p{max-width:760px;margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:.78rem}
@media(max-width:850px){.hub-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}@media(max-width:600px){.hub-intro{padding:2.3rem 0 2rem}.hub-intro h1{font-size:2.5rem}.hub-library{padding-top:2rem}.hub-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.hub-card{min-height:245px}.hub-note{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.5rem}}



/* Scientific Calculator Hub — dedicated studio layout */
.calculator-studio{max-width:1160px;margin:0 auto;color:#10243a}
.calculator-studio .studio-hero{position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.08fr .92fr;align-items:center;gap:4rem;min-height:500px;padding:3.8rem 0 4.4rem;border-bottom:1px solid #dbe3ec}
.studio-hero-copy{position:relative;z-index:2}.studio-eyebrow{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.65rem;color:#315b8a;font-size:.67rem;font-weight:750;letter-spacing:.14em}.studio-eyebrow>span{width:25px;height:2px;background:#2563eb}.studio-eyebrow b{color:#9aaabd;font-weight:500}
.studio-hero h1{margin:1.35rem 0 1.15rem;font-size:clamp(3.2rem,6vw,5.35rem);font-weight:760;line-height:.99;letter-spacing:-.065em}.studio-hero h1 em{color:#2563eb;font-style:normal}.studio-hero-copy>p{max-width:510px;margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.8}
.studio-explore{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:1.3rem;margin-top:2rem;padding:0 0 .55rem;border-bottom:1px solid #2563eb;color:#15365c;font-size:.83rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.studio-explore span{color:#2563eb;font-size:1.1rem;transition:transform .2s}.studio-explore:hover{color:#2563eb}.studio-explore:hover span{transform:translateY(3px)}
.studio-hero-panel{position:relative;min-height:345px;overflow:hidden;padding:1.2rem;background:#102b4e;color:#fff}.studio-panel-top,.studio-panel-bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:.6rem;color:#c3d3e6;font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.59rem;letter-spacing:.1em}
.studio-orbit{position:relative;display:grid;place-items:center;height:260px}.studio-orbit-ring{position:absolute;border:1px solid rgba(190,215,245,.25);border-radius:50%;transform:rotate(-25deg)}.ring-one{width:220px;height:150px}.ring-two{width:280px;height:195px;transform:rotate(35deg)}
.studio-orbit-core{display:grid;place-items:center;width:82px;height:82px;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.45);border-radius:50%;background:#1d4c7e;color:#fff;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:2.5rem;box-shadow:0 0 0 13px rgba(255,255,255,.035),0 0 55px rgba(91,164,235,.22)}
.orbit-label{position:absolute;display:grid;place-items:center;width:36px;height:36px;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.35);border-radius:50%;background:#183b63;color:#dbeafe;font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.65rem}.label-a{top:30px;left:25%}.label-b{right:17%;top:47%}.label-c{bottom:20px;left:38%}
.studio-panel-bottom{justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:.65rem;font-size:.52rem}.studio-panel-bottom i{width:3px;height:3px;border-radius:50%;background:#60a5fa}.studio-hero-index{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:1.2rem;color:#64748b;font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.65rem;letter-spacing:.12em}.studio-hero-index span{color:#2563eb}
.studio-tools{padding:3.7rem 0 1.4rem}.studio-section-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:2rem;margin-bottom:1.8rem}.studio-section-heading h2{margin:.45rem 0 0;font-size:2.25rem;font-weight:740;letter-spacing:-.05em}.studio-section-heading>p{max-width:390px;margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.7}
.studio-tool{position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-columns:55px minmax(0,1fr) 190px;gap:1.3rem;align-items:center;min-height:245px;margin:0 0 1rem;padding:1.7rem 1.8rem;border:1px solid #dbe3ec;background:#fff;color:#10243a;text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .2s,box-shadow .2s,transform .2s}.studio-tool[hidden]{display:none!important}a.studio-tool:hover{color:#10243a;border-color:#9bb6d3;box-shadow:0 14px 35px rgba(15,35,60,.08);transform:translateY(-2px)}
.studio-tool-number{align-self:start;padding-top:.2rem;color:#94a3b8;font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.78rem}.studio-tool-main{min-width:0}.studio-tool-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.65rem 1rem;margin-bottom:.8rem}.studio-tool-category{color:#315b8a;font-size:.62rem;font-weight:750;letter-spacing:.11em}
.studio-live-status,.studio-next-status{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;color:#267052;font-size:.59rem;font-weight:750;letter-spacing:.08em}.studio-live-status i{width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:#2e9b69;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #e1f3e9}.studio-tool h3{margin:0 0 .65rem;color:#10243a;font-size:1.55rem;font-weight:740;letter-spacing:-.04em}.studio-tool-main>p{max-width:650px;margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.75}
.studio-tool-cta{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;margin-top:1.15rem;color:#1d4ed8;font-size:.79rem;font-weight:750}.studio-tool-cta b{font-size:1rem}.studio-tool-visual{position:relative;display:grid;place-items:center;min-height:145px;overflow:hidden;background:#f1f6fc}.studio-xrd-visual{background:linear-gradient(145deg,#eff6ff,#f8fafc)}
.xrd-axis{position:absolute;right:15%;bottom:26%;left:15%;height:1px;background:#a9bdd3}.xrd-axis:before{position:absolute;top:-75px;left:0;width:1px;height:75px;background:#a9bdd3;content:""}.xrd-peak{position:absolute;bottom:27%;width:2px;background:#2563eb;transform-origin:bottom;box-shadow:0 0 12px rgba(37,99,235,.15)}.peak-one{left:30%;height:28%;transform:rotate(12deg)}.peak-two{left:44%;height:54%;transform:rotate(-8deg)}.peak-three{left:61%;height:37%;transform:rotate(7deg)}.peak-four{left:75%;height:65%;transform:rotate(-5deg)}
.studio-xrd-visual>span,.studio-xrd-visual>small{position:absolute;color:#7890aa;font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.5rem;letter-spacing:.1em}.studio-xrd-visual>span{top:12%;left:12%}.studio-xrd-visual>small{right:13%;bottom:10%}
.studio-tool-next{background:#f8fafc;border-style:dashed}.studio-next-status{color:#a16b37}.studio-muted-cta{color:#8291a4}.studio-chem-visual{background:#f4f6f8;color:#9aaabd}.chem-symbol{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:4rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1;color:#8297ae}.chem-sub{position:absolute;right:19%;bottom:24%;color:#315b8a;font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.7rem}.chem-line{position:absolute;top:22%;right:18%;width:28px;height:28px;border-top:1px solid #b9c8d8;border-right:1px solid #b9c8d8;border-radius:0 100% 0 0}
.studio-footer{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:2rem;margin-top:3rem;padding:1.5rem 0 0;border-top:1px solid #dbe3ec}.studio-footer p{max-width:720px;margin:.55rem 0 0;color:#64748b;font-size:.79rem;line-height:1.7}.studio-footer-mark{white-space:nowrap;color:#8291a4;font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;font-size:.58rem;letter-spacing:.1em}.studio-footer-mark b{color:#2563eb}
@media(max-width:850px){.calculator-studio .studio-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr .8fr;gap:2rem;min-height:430px}.studio-hero h1{font-size:clamp(3rem,6vw,4.3rem)}.studio-hero-panel{min-height:300px}.studio-tool{grid-template-columns:38px minmax(0,1fr) 140px;padding:1.3rem;gap:1rem}}
@media(max-width:650px){.calculator-studio .studio-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2rem;padding:2.5rem 0 3.3rem}.studio-hero h1{font-size:clamp(3rem,12vw,4.1rem)}.studio-hero-panel{min-height:275px}.studio-orbit{height:205px}.studio-hero-index{bottom:.8rem}.studio-tools{padding-top:2.7rem}.studio-section-heading{display:block}.studio-section-heading>p{margin-top:.8rem}.studio-section-heading h2{font-size:1.9rem}.studio-tool{grid-template-columns:30px minmax(0,1fr);min-height:0;padding:1.15rem;gap:.7rem}.studio-tool-visual{grid-column:2;min-height:105px;margin-top:.4rem}.studio-tool h3{font-size:1.28rem}.studio-tool-main>p{font-size:.83rem}.studio-footer{display:block}.studio-footer-mark{display:block;margin-top:1.2rem}}


/* Scientific Calculator Hub — focused research workspace */
.calc-hub-page{max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto;color:#10243a}
.calc-hub-heading{padding:2.7rem 0 2.1rem;border-bottom:1px solid #dbe3ec}
.calc-hub-kicker{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.65rem;color:#315b8a;font-size:.68rem;font-weight:750;letter-spacing:.13em}
.calc-hub-kicker>span{width:23px;height:2px;background:#2563eb}
.calc-hub-kicker b{color:#a4b1c1;font-weight:500}
.calc-hub-heading-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 290px;gap:3rem;align-items:end;margin-top:1.25rem}
.calc-hub-heading h1{margin:0;color:#10243a;font-size:clamp(2.65rem,5vw,4.15rem);font-weight:760;line-height:1.04;letter-spacing:-.055em}
.calc-hub-heading h1 span{color:#315b8a}
.calc-hub-lede{max-width:650px;margin:1.1rem 0 0;color:#64748b;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75}
.calc-hub-summary{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border:1px solid #dbe3ec;background:#f8fafc}
.calc-hub-summary>div{min-width:0;padding:.85rem .7rem}
.calc-hub-summary>div+div{border-left:1px solid #dbe3ec}
.calc-hub-summary strong{display:block;color:#10243a;font-size:1.55rem;font-weight:750;line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.05em}
.calc-hub-summary span{display:block;margin-top:.45rem;color:#64748b;font-size:.54rem;font-weight:750;line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:.055em}
.calc-hub-jump{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;margin-top:1.35rem;color:#1d4ed8;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:750;text-decoration:none}
.calc-hub-jump span{transition:transform .18s}
.calc-hub-jump:hover{color:#10243a}
.calc-hub-jump:hover span{transform:translateY(3px)}
.calc-hub-library{padding:2.8rem 0 1rem}
.calc-hub-section-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:2rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem}
.calc-hub-section-head h2{margin:.35rem 0 0;color:#10243a;font-size:2rem;font-weight:750;letter-spacing:-.045em}
.calc-hub-section-head>p{max-width:420px;margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.65}
.calc-tool-featured{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.12fr) minmax(340px,.88fr);gap:2rem;align-items:stretch;padding:1.65rem;border:1px solid #cbd7e3;border-radius:8px;background:#fff;color:#10243a;text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .2s,box-shadow .2s,transform .2s}
.calc-tool-featured:hover{color:#10243a;border-color:#8ca9c7;box-shadow:0 16px 38px rgba(16,36,58,.09);transform:translateY(-2px)}
.calc-tool-featured-main{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;min-width:0;padding:.15rem 0}
.calc-tool-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.6rem 1rem}
.calc-tool-index{color:#315b8a;font-size:.64rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.105em}
.calc-tool-available{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;color:#267052;font-size:.61rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.07em}
.calc-tool-available i{width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:#27966a;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #e4f4eb}
.calc-tool-featured h3,.calc-tool-upcoming h3{margin:.85rem 0 .65rem;color:#10243a;font-size:1.7rem;font-weight:750;letter-spacing:-.045em;line-height:1.2}
.calc-tool-description{max-width:570px;margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.75}
.calc-tool-capabilities{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.45rem;margin-top:1rem}
.calc-tool-capabilities span{padding:.35rem .58rem;border:1px solid #dbe3ec;border-radius:3px;background:#f8fafc;color:#43566d;font-size:.7rem;font-weight:600}
.calc-tool-action{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;margin-top:auto;padding-top:1.35rem;color:#1d4ed8;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:800}
.calc-tool-action b{font-size:1rem;transition:transform .18s}
.calc-tool-featured:hover .calc-tool-action b{transform:translate(2px,-2px)}
.calc-tool-workflow{align-self:stretch;padding:1.05rem 1.15rem;background:#102b4e;border-radius:5px;color:#fff}
.calc-workflow-label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:.5rem;padding-bottom:.8rem;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.17);color:#9db8d6;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.57rem;letter-spacing:.08em}
.calc-workflow-step{display:grid;grid-template-columns:27px minmax(0,1fr) 14px;gap:.7rem;align-items:center;padding:.72rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12)}
.calc-workflow-step:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.calc-workflow-step>span{color:#93c5fd;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.65rem}
.calc-workflow-step strong{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:.83rem;font-weight:700}
.calc-workflow-step small{display:block;margin-top:.15rem;color:#c1d0e0;font-size:.68rem;line-height:1.45}
.calc-workflow-step>i{color:#93c5fd;font-size:.8rem;font-style:normal}
.calc-tool-upcoming{display:grid;grid-template-columns:42px minmax(0,1fr) 150px;gap:1.15rem;align-items:center;margin-top:1rem;padding:1.35rem 1.55rem;border:1px solid #dbe3ec;border-radius:7px;background:#f8fafc}
.calc-upcoming-index{align-self:start;padding-top:.15rem;color:#94a3b8;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.76rem}
.calc-tool-development{color:#9a6a36;font-size:.61rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.07em}
.calc-tool-upcoming h3{margin:.55rem 0 .4rem;font-size:1.25rem}
.calc-tool-upcoming p{max-width:720px;margin:0;color:#64748b;font-size:.84rem;line-height:1.65}
.calc-tool-upcoming .calc-tool-capabilities{margin-top:.75rem}
.calc-tool-upcoming .calc-tool-capabilities span{background:#fff;font-size:.66rem}
.calc-upcoming-state{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:.25rem;min-height:95px;border-left:1px solid #dbe3ec;text-align:center}
.calc-state-icon{display:grid;place-items:center;width:32px;height:32px;border:1px solid #d5dee8;border-radius:50%;color:#8294a9;font-size:.8rem}
.calc-upcoming-state strong{color:#43566d;font-size:.76rem}
.calc-upcoming-state small{color:#94a3b8;font-size:.67rem}
.calc-hub-footer{display:grid;grid-template-columns:190px minmax(0,1fr);gap:1.5rem;margin:2.6rem 0 1rem;padding:1.15rem 0;border-top:1px solid #dbe3ec}
.calc-hub-footer-mark{color:#64748b;font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.62rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.1em}
.calc-hub-footer-mark span{color:#2563eb}
.calc-hub-footer p{max-width:790px;margin:0;color:#718096;font-size:.77rem;line-height:1.65}
@media(max-width:900px){.calc-hub-heading-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.5rem}.calc-hub-summary{max-width:390px}.calc-tool-featured{grid-template-columns:1fr}.calc-tool-workflow{max-width:none}.calc-tool-upcoming{grid-template-columns:34px minmax(0,1fr) 125px}}
@media(max-width:650px){.calc-hub-heading{padding:2rem 0 1.7rem}.calc-hub-heading h1{font-size:clamp(2.45rem,10vw,3.3rem)}.calc-hub-lede{font-size:.94rem}.calc-hub-summary{max-width:none}.calc-hub-summary>div{padding:.75rem .55rem}.calc-hub-summary strong{font-size:1.35rem}.calc-hub-summary span{font-size:.49rem}.calc-hub-library{padding-top:2.2rem}.calc-hub-section-head{display:block}.calc-hub-section-head h2{font-size:1.7rem}.calc-hub-section-head>p{margin-top:.55rem}.calc-tool-featured{gap:1.2rem;padding:1rem;border-radius:6px}.calc-tool-featured h3{font-size:1.45rem}.calc-tool-description{font-size:.87rem}.calc-tool-upcoming{grid-template-columns:25px minmax(0,1fr);gap:.65rem;padding:1rem}.calc-upcoming-state{grid-column:2;flex-direction:row;justify-content:flex-start;min-height:0;padding-top:.7rem;border-top:1px solid #dbe3ec;border-left:0;text-align:left}.calc-state-icon{width:27px;height:27px}.calc-tool-upcoming h3{font-size:1.12rem}.calc-tool-upcoming p{font-size:.81rem}.calc-tool-upcoming .calc-tool-capabilities span{font-size:.61rem}.calc-hub-footer{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.45rem;margin-top:2rem}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.calc-hub-page *{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important}}


/* Interactive process-equipment teaching labs */
.process-lab{margin:2.2rem 0;padding:1.35rem;border:1px solid #d8e1e8;border-radius:8px;background:#fbfcfe;color:#17324a}
.process-lab-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-start;gap:1rem;margin-bottom:1rem}
.process-lab-kicker{color:#356b82;font-size:.64rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase}
.process-lab h3{margin:.25rem 0 .35rem;font-size:1.35rem;font-weight:750}
.process-lab-head p{max-width:650px;margin:0;color:#617487;font-size:.83rem;line-height:1.65}
.process-lab-tag{flex:none;padding:.35rem .55rem;border:1px solid #d5e0e8;border-radius:3px;color:#567084;font-size:.62rem;font-weight:700}
.process-lab-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(220px,.78fr) minmax(0,1.5fr);gap:1.1rem}
.process-lab-controls{display:grid;align-content:start;gap:.8rem;padding:1rem;border:1px solid #e0e7ed;background:#fff;border-radius:5px}
.process-lab-control label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:.5rem;color:#334e63;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700}
.process-lab-control output{color:#1d6680;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.process-lab-control input{width:100%;accent-color:#1d7182}
.process-lab-plot{min-width:0;padding:.8rem;border:1px solid #e0e7ed;background:#fff;border-radius:5px}
.process-lab-plot svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;min-height:180px}
.process-lab-metrics{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:.55rem;margin-top:.75rem}
.process-lab-metric{padding:.7rem .65rem;background:#f0f5f8;border-radius:4px;min-width:0}
.process-lab-metric span{display:block;color:#6a7f90;font-size:.58rem;font-weight:750;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase}
.process-lab-metric strong{display:block;margin-top:.25rem;color:#173b56;font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:750;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.process-lab-note{margin:.75rem 0 0;padding:.7rem .8rem;border-left:3px solid #4c8790;background:#f1f7f8;color:#526b7a;font-size:.74rem;line-height:1.6}
.process-lab-disclaimer{margin:.8rem 0 0;color:#7b8793;font-size:.68rem;line-height:1.55}
.process-lab-meter{height:9px;margin-top:.55rem;overflow:hidden;border-radius:10px;background:#e4ebef}
.process-lab-meter span{display:block;width:0;height:100%;background:#287b78;transition:width .15s}
@media(max-width:720px){.process-lab{padding:1rem}.process-lab-head{display:block}.process-lab-tag{display:inline-block;margin-top:.65rem}.process-lab-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.process-lab-metrics{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.process-lab-plot svg{min-height:145px}}


/* Homepage resource discovery */
.home-rd-resources{margin:4.8rem 0 4.2rem}
.home-rd-resources .home-rd-section-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:2rem;margin-bottom:1.35rem}
.home-rd-resources .home-rd-section-heading h2{max-width:620px;margin:.45rem 0 0}
.home-rd-resources .home-rd-section-heading>p{max-width:390px;margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.7}
.home-rd-resource-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:.85rem}
.home-rd-resource-grid>a{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;min-height:225px;padding:1.25rem;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--white);color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;transition:transform .2s ease,border-color .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease}
.home-rd-resource-grid>a:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);border-color:#a9b9af;box-shadow:var(--shadow);color:var(--ink)}
.home-rd-resource-grid>a>span{color:var(--copper);font-size:.62rem;font-weight:750;letter-spacing:.12em}
.home-rd-resource-grid h3{margin:1.15rem 0 .55rem;font-size:1.35rem}
.home-rd-resource-grid p{margin:0 0 1rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.79rem;line-height:1.65}
.home-rd-resource-grid b{margin-top:auto;padding-top:.8rem;color:var(--green-dark);font-size:.72rem;font-weight:750}
.home-rd-resource-grid>a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid rgba(189,121,85,.62);outline-offset:3px}
@media(max-width:900px){.home-rd-resource-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}
@media(max-width:600px){.home-rd-resources{margin:3.2rem 0}.home-rd-resources .home-rd-section-heading{display:block}.home-rd-resources .home-rd-section-heading>p{margin-top:.65rem}.home-rd-resource-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.home-rd-resource-grid>a{min-height:180px;padding:1.1rem}.home-rd-resource-grid h3{margin-top:.8rem}}

/* Article reading experience: restrained measure, clearer hierarchy, and responsive media */
main.content:has(.article-page-title) {
  max-width: 980px;
}
.article-page-title + p {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin: 0 0 2.4rem;
  color: #536873;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  line-height: 1.85;
}
.article-page-title ~ h2 {
  margin: 3rem 0 1rem;
  padding-top: .65rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 3vw, 2.15rem);
}
.article-page-title ~ h3 {
  margin: 2rem 0 .75rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 2.2vw, 1.5rem);
}
.article-page-title ~ p,
.article-page-title ~ li {
  color: var(--ink-2);
  line-height: 1.85;
}
.article-page-title ~ ul,
.article-page-title ~ ol {
  padding-left: 1.4rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.article-page-title ~ table {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-x: auto;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: .88rem;
}
.article-page-title ~ table th {
  background: var(--paper-2);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 700;
}
.article-page-title ~ table th,
.article-page-title ~ table td {
  padding: .7rem .85rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  vertical-align: top;
}
.article-page-title ~ blockquote {
  margin: 1.8rem 0;
  padding: 1rem 1.3rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--copper);
  background: var(--paper-2);
  color: var(--ink-2);
}
.article-page-title ~ img,
.article-page-title ~ p img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}
.article-page-title ~ pre {
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding: 1rem 1.15rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: #f0f1ed;
  font-size: .82rem;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  main.content:has(.article-page-title) {
    padding-right: 1rem;
    padding-left: 1rem;
  }
  .article-page-title + p {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
  }
  .article-page-title ~ h2 {
    margin-top: 2.4rem;
  }
}



/* Environmental Science knowledge hub */
.env-hub,.env-topic-page{color:var(--ink)}
.env-hero{padding:3.4rem 0 2.8rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.env-hero h1,.env-topic-page h1{max-width:900px;margin:.85rem 0 1.15rem;font-size:clamp(2.7rem,6vw,4.8rem);line-height:1.02}
.env-lede{max-width:800px;color:var(--muted);font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.85}
.env-hero-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.55rem 1.4rem;margin-top:1.8rem;color:var(--green-dark);font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.62rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.08em}
.env-hero-meta span+span:before{content:"/";margin-right:1.4rem;color:var(--copper)}
.env-intro{display:flex;align-items:end;justify-content:space-between;gap:2.5rem;margin:3.4rem 0 1.5rem}
.env-intro h2,.env-scope h2{max-width:570px;margin:.5rem 0 0;font-size:clamp(1.8rem,3.5vw,2.7rem)}
.env-intro>p{max-width:440px;margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:.86rem}
.env-topic-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1rem}
.env-topic-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;min-height:245px;padding:1.4rem;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--white);color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;transition:transform .2s ease,border-color .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease}
.env-topic-card:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);border-color:#a9b9af;box-shadow:var(--shadow);color:var(--ink)}
.env-topic-no{color:var(--copper);font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.61rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.08em}
.env-topic-card h3{margin:1.1rem 0 .55rem;font-size:1.45rem}
.env-topic-card p{margin:0 0 1rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.7}
.env-topic-card b{margin-top:auto;padding-top:.8rem;color:var(--green-dark);font-size:.72rem}
.env-scope{margin:4.5rem 0 2rem;padding:2.3rem;background:var(--green-dark);color:white}
.env-scope .eyebrow{color:#d7b39b}
.env-scope h2{color:white}
.env-scope-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1.2rem;margin-top:1.8rem}
.env-scope-grid>div{padding-top:1rem;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25)}
.env-scope-grid strong,.env-scope-grid span{display:block}
.env-scope-grid strong{color:#fff;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:400}
.env-scope-grid span{margin-top:.45rem;color:#d5e0d8;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.6}
.env-note,.env-caution{max-width:900px;color:var(--muted);font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.7}
.env-topic-page{max-width:960px;margin:0 auto}
.env-topic-page>.eyebrow{margin-top:1.2rem}
.env-topic-page h1{font-size:clamp(2.5rem,5.5vw,4rem)}
.env-topic-facts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1rem;margin:2rem 0 3rem;padding:1.2rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.env-topic-facts span{color:var(--muted);font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.58rem;letter-spacing:.07em}
.env-topic-facts strong{display:block;margin-top:.35rem;color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.83rem;letter-spacing:0}
.env-topic-page h2{margin:2.6rem 0 .9rem;padding-top:.6rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:1.8rem}
.env-topic-page ul{padding-left:1.25rem}
.env-topic-page li{margin:.45rem 0;color:var(--ink-2);line-height:1.75}
.env-process{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:.7rem;margin:1.5rem 0 2rem}
.env-process>div{min-width:0;padding:1rem;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--white)}
.env-process b,.env-process strong,.env-process span{display:block}
.env-process b{color:var(--copper);font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.65rem}
.env-process strong{margin:.5rem 0 .35rem;color:var(--ink);font-size:.88rem}
.env-process span{color:var(--muted);font-size:.72rem;line-height:1.6}
.env-back{margin-top:3rem;padding-top:1.2rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700}
.env-back a{text-decoration:none}
@media(max-width:900px){.env-topic-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.env-intro{display:block}.env-intro>p{margin-top:.8rem}.env-process{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}
@media(max-width:600px){.env-hero{padding:2.2rem 0}.env-hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.45rem,10vw,3.3rem)}.env-lede{font-size:.94rem}.env-hero-meta{gap:.5rem .8rem;font-size:.55rem}.env-hero-meta span+span:before{margin-right:.8rem}.env-topic-grid,.env-scope-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.env-topic-card{min-height:190px;padding:1.15rem}.env-scope{margin:3rem 0 1.5rem;padding:1.4rem}.env-topic-facts{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.8rem}.env-process{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.env-process>div{padding:.8rem}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.env-hub *,.env-topic-page *{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important}}


/* Environmental Inspection topic guide cards */
.env-subtopic-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:.85rem;margin:1.4rem 0 2rem}
.env-subtopic-grid>a{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:185px;padding:1.15rem;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--white);color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .2s ease,transform .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease}
.env-subtopic-grid>a:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);border-color:#a9b9af;box-shadow:var(--shadow);color:var(--ink)}
.env-subtopic-grid>a>span{color:var(--copper);font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.58rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em}
.env-subtopic-grid strong{margin:.75rem 0 .35rem;font-size:1.15rem}
.env-subtopic-grid p{margin:0 0 .8rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.65}
.env-subtopic-grid b{margin-top:auto;padding-top:.55rem;color:var(--green-dark);font-size:.7rem}
.env-subtopic-grid>a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid rgba(189,121,85,.62);outline-offset:3px}
@media(max-width:600px){.env-subtopic-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.env-subtopic-grid>a{min-height:155px;padding:1rem}}


/* Environmental hub UX refinement */
.env-hub{max-width:1120px;margin-inline:auto}
.env-hero{padding:3.1rem 0 2.5rem}
.env-hero h1{max-width:860px;font-size:clamp(2.45rem,5vw,4.15rem);line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.035em}
.env-lede{max-width:720px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75}
.env-hero-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1rem 1.25rem;margin-top:1.6rem}
.env-primary-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.8rem;min-height:44px;padding:.7rem 1rem;background:var(--green-dark);color:#fff!important;text-decoration:none;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;transition:background .2s ease}
.env-primary-link:hover{background:var(--ink);color:#fff}
.env-primary-link:focus-visible,.env-topic-card:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--copper);outline-offset:4px}
.env-library-count{color:var(--muted);font-size:.75rem}
.env-library-count i{padding:0 .25rem;color:var(--copper);font-style:normal}
.env-intro{scroll-margin-top:100px;margin:2.8rem 0 1.25rem}
.env-intro h2{font-size:clamp(1.7rem,3vw,2.35rem);line-height:1.15}
.env-intro>p{max-width:390px;line-height:1.7}
.env-topic-grid{gap:1rem}
.env-topic-card{min-height:255px;padding:1.3rem}
.env-topic-card h3{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.25}
.env-topic-card p{font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.65}
.env-card-foot{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:.6rem;margin-top:auto;padding-top:1rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.env-card-foot small{color:var(--muted);font-family:"IBM Plex Mono",monospace;font-size:.56rem;letter-spacing:.04em}
.env-card-foot b{padding:0;color:var(--green-dark);font-size:.72rem;white-space:nowrap}
.env-scope{margin-top:3.5rem}
.env-scope-lede{max-width:700px;color:#d5e0d8;font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.7}
.env-note{margin-top:1.2rem}
@media(max-width:900px){
 .env-topic-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
 .env-intro{display:block}
 .env-intro>p{max-width:650px;margin-top:.8rem}
}
@media(max-width:600px){
 .env-hero{padding:2rem 0 1.8rem}
 .env-hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.1rem,9vw,2.8rem);line-height:1.12}
 .env-lede{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.7}
 .env-hero-actions{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:.75rem}
 .env-hero-meta{font-size:.53rem;line-height:1.8}
 .env-intro{margin:2.2rem 0 1rem}
 .env-topic-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.7rem}
 .env-topic-card{min-height:0;padding:1.1rem}
 .env-topic-card h3{margin:.7rem 0 .45rem}
 .env-topic-card p{margin-bottom:.8rem}
 .env-card-foot{padding-top:.75rem}
 .env-scope{margin:2.6rem 0 1.2rem;padding:1.25rem}
 .env-scope-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1rem}
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
 .env-primary-link,.env-topic-card{transition:none}
 .env-topic-card:hover{transform:none}
}


/* Environmental Science page — dedicated forest-green visual identity */
body:has(.env-hub) {
  --env-forest: #123f32;
  --env-deep: #0c3027;
  --env-green: #287653;
  --env-leaf: #79a987;
  --env-lime: #d9edb7;
  --env-mist: #edf4ed;
  --env-line: #d4e2d6;
  --env-muted: #62796b;
  background: #f3f7f1;
}
body:has(.env-hub) .navbar {
  background: rgba(243,247,241,.97)!important;
  border-bottom-color: var(--env-line);
}
body:has(.env-hub) .navbar .nav-link:hover,
body:has(.env-hub) .navbar .nav-link.active { color: var(--env-green)!important; }
body:has(.env-hub) main.content { max-width: 1280px; padding-top: 1.1rem; }
body:has(.env-hub) .page-footer {
  background: #edf4ed;
  border-top-color: var(--env-line);
}
body:has(.env-hub) .page-footer a { color: var(--env-forest); }
.env-hub { max-width: 1160px; }
.env-hub .eyebrow { color: var(--env-green); }
.env-hub .env-hero {
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin: .6rem 0 0;
  padding: clamp(2.5rem,6vw,5rem);
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 5px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse at 88% 18%, rgba(121,169,135,.25), transparent 34%),
    linear-gradient(118deg, #0c3027 0%, #164b38 62%, #246346 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(18,63,50,.13);
}
.env-hub .env-hero:after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  top: -165px;
  right: -85px;
  width: 440px;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  border: 1px solid rgba(217,237,183,.23);
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 34px rgba(217,237,183,.045), 0 0 0 78px rgba(217,237,183,.035), 0 0 0 128px rgba(217,237,183,.025);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.env-hub .env-hero .eyebrow { color: #c4dfb5; }
.env-hub .env-hero h1 {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 790px;
  margin: 1rem 0 1.2rem;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: clamp(2.65rem,5.6vw,4.65rem);
  letter-spacing: -.045em;
  line-height: 1.04;
}
.env-hub .env-lede { position: relative; max-width: 710px; color: #d7e7dc; font-size: 1.02rem; }
.env-hub .env-primary-link {
  min-height: 48px;
  padding: .8rem 1.15rem;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: var(--env-lime);
  color: var(--env-deep)!important;
}
.env-hub .env-primary-link:hover { background: #fff; color: var(--env-deep)!important; }
.env-hub .env-library-count { color: #d7e7dc; }
.env-hub .env-library-count i { color: var(--env-lime); }
.env-hub .env-hero-meta { gap: .55rem; margin-top: 2.2rem; }
.env-hub .env-hero-meta span {
  padding: .42rem .65rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(220,239,224,.22);
  border-radius: 2px;
  color: #e0eee3;
  font-size: .58rem;
}
.env-hub .env-hero-meta span+span:before { content: none; }
.env-hub .env-intro { margin: 3.7rem 0 1.5rem; }
.env-hub .env-intro h2,
.env-hub .env-scope h2 { color: var(--env-forest); }
.env-hub .env-intro>p { color: var(--env-muted); }
.env-hub .env-topic-grid { gap: 1.05rem; }
.env-hub .env-topic-card {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 260px;
  padding: 1.45rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--env-line);
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 5px 18px rgba(22,67,48,.035);
  transition: transform .22s ease, border-color .22s ease, box-shadow .22s ease;
}
.env-hub .env-topic-card:before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 auto auto 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg,var(--env-green),#a8c98d);
  transform: scaleX(.22);
  transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform .22s ease;
}
.env-hub .env-topic-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  border-color: #a8c8ad;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 36px rgba(22,67,48,.1);
}
.env-hub .env-topic-card:hover:before { transform: scaleX(1); }
.env-hub .env-topic-no { color: var(--env-green); }
.env-hub .env-topic-card h3 { color: var(--env-forest); }
.env-hub .env-topic-card p { color: #64796b; }
.env-hub .env-card-foot { border-top-color: #e4ede4; }
.env-hub .env-card-foot small { color: #718477; }
.env-hub .env-card-foot b { color: var(--env-green); }
.env-hub .env-card-foot b span { color: #8caf78; }
.env-hub .env-scope {
  margin: 4rem 0 1.7rem;
  padding: clamp(1.5rem,4vw,2.7rem);
  border: 1px solid #d9e7d9;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg,#e7f0e6,#f2f7ed);
  color: var(--env-forest);
}
.env-hub .env-scope .eyebrow { color: var(--env-green); }
.env-hub .env-scope h2 { max-width: 720px; }
.env-hub .env-scope-lede { color: #5f7766; }
.env-hub .env-scope-grid { gap: 1rem; }
.env-hub .env-scope-grid>div { padding: 1rem 1.05rem; border: 1px solid #d2e1d2; background: rgba(255,255,255,.58); }
.env-hub .env-scope-grid strong { color: var(--env-forest); font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .94rem; font-weight: 700; }
.env-hub .env-scope-grid span { color: #62796b; }
.env-hub .env-note { max-width: 940px; color: #718276; }
@media(max-width:600px) {
  body:has(.env-hub) main.content { padding-top: .55rem; padding-right: 1rem; padding-left: 1rem; }
  .env-hub .env-hero { padding: 2.2rem 1.35rem; border-radius: 4px; }
  .env-hub .env-hero:after { top: -95px; right: -175px; width: 330px; }
  .env-hub .env-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(2.35rem,10vw,3.25rem); }
  .env-hub .env-hero-meta { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
  .env-hub .env-hero-meta span { font-size: .52rem; }
  .env-hub .env-topic-card { min-height: 0; padding: 1.2rem; }
  .env-hub .env-scope { margin-top: 2.8rem; }
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce) {
  .env-hub .env-topic-card,
  .env-hub .env-topic-card:before { transition: none; }
  .env-hub .env-topic-card:hover { transform: none; }
}